Rousseau as Totalitarian?

ROUSSEAU AS TOTALITARIAN? Rousseau, known as â€Å"Father of Modern Democratic Theory†, was being accused by other people as a â€Å"Father of Totalitarianism†. This is one of the contentious issues which attack Rousseau’s social contract; he is seen to be advocating totalitarian solution rather democratic. Others may have only misunderstood the concept of totalitarianism but I tell you there is no clear evidence showing he is in favor of totalitarian. Why, then, some considered Rousseau as a totalitarian? Maybe it goes with his controversial concept of general will.The general will can be perceived as an objective truth to which every citizen must conform. Therefore everybody was under the control of the general will. Since totalitarianism is defined as a  political system  where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life whenever necessary; this means that the general will can be use as a tot alitarian device. But the methods suggested for discovering the general will were basically democratic.This concept was introduced to prevent exploitation and this will only take effect if it is willed by the citizens. In this case, we can see that Rousseau was proposing that the best way for a community to make decisions was really to use democratic procedures. Hence, we cannot condemn him being a totalitarian advocate just because general will reigns. After all, even if it controls every citizen, it still comes from all and it tends always to the preservation and welfare of the whole and every associate.Another thing that can probably make people thinks of Rousseau’s social contract as a totalitarian is due to his view of â€Å"majority binds the rest†. Rousseau was aware that no particular human being knows what the general will truly is that is why he proposes that what the majority has voted, it is the general will, assuming that everybody is thinking for the comm on good of the community and not for his own self-interest. Now problem the decision of the majority is what rules the community and we don’t even know if they are really thinking for the common good of everybody.They maybe considered as one political group who reigns over the community. This cannot be a valid reason for saying that Rousseau was after a totalitarian government. Remember Rousseau has insisted that the sovereign is the people and not a particular group only. And at the start of the compact, before they have voted for what they think is general will; the people should give their consent to all the laws that will be passed even in their opposition.Despite that the decision of the majority wins, the people still has participated in determining that certain law. Rousseau was merely proposing measures aimed at creating community cohesion and preserving democracy. We can now say that his proposal was really an authentic attempt of finding a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.

Review on John Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnet 14’

Poem: Holy Sonnet XIV Name of author: John Donne Imprisoned In the poem Holy Sonnet XIV, John Donne writes about the different imprisonments of life. In his poem he is saying that he has fallen for the temptations of Gods enemy, the devil, and he is asking God to break the hold the devil has on him. John portrays that he is trapped and bound by the evils of the devil, and he wishes to be â€Å"divorced†(11) from the devil to be once again imprisoned by the love of God, either way he knows he â€Å"never shall be free†(13).The point John is making in this poem is that he loves God and no longer wishes to live with the sins and imprisonment of the devil, but rather be â€Å"enthralled†(13) by God. John first speaks of God as a â€Å"three-personed God†(1), meaning God is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Throughout the poem John is at a fallen state, where he has fallen so hard it would be almost impossible for him to alone break the bond that he has with the devil, to be righteous and serve God. John is asking God to help him in breaking the bond, asking to â€Å"Batter†(1) his heart for God, breaking the unholy bond, the engagement that he has with the devil.John wishes to be the God-loving person he knows he is. John needs God’s powerful ways to make him a new person, today some call it a â€Å"born-again believer†, and John so badly wants God to â€Å"make me new†(4). John feels as if he has been taken over by the devil. John is pleading his case in this poem, to God as to why God should help him, defend him, save him, and make him new. This poem is like Johns prayer, pleading to God his reasoning in why God should help him, since God is his â€Å"viceroy†(7) that he should want to defend him.John is trapped as if he is held captive, and is weak and untrue to God, but at the same time still willingly and joyfully loves God. John uses the word â€Å"betrothed†(10) to emphasize that h e has been tied, or engaged to the devil in his actions and wished to be â€Å"divorced†(11). John is saying he is bound by the devil and doesn’t want to be imprisoned by the devil, but instead be imprisoned by God. It’s like no matter what path John is on, whether it is the path of the devil, or the path of God, he will be imprisoned either way and never be free.John grew up as a believer in God and he eventually grew to be known as â€Å"The Great Priest† by many people. A great priest doesn’t have to stray to far from God to feel as John felt in this poem because no one sin is greater than the other. This was not the first time John had felt he had strayed away from God â€Å"divorce me, untie, or break that knot again†(11). The Holy Sonnet XIV is about a man who felt as if he strayed away from God and how badly he wants God to help him get back on the right track, living for Him.John was catholic at a time when anti-catholic sentiment wa s common. He began to question his faith when his brother Henry died. John then soon struggled near poverty to support his family for almost 10 years. With him being in hard times and straying away from his religion, to then come to pick back up into his religion is an example of his life and what he wanted people to know by reading this poem. After he got back to his normal life, in religion, he then became the priest that we know him to be today.

Mtn Nigeria Roll Out Strategy

MTN NIGERIA COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED Prior to 1999, which heralded the return of democracy to the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 30 companies had the Digital Mobile License (DML). None of these companies were fully operational as the lacked the technical and financial capability to operate the DML. Aside from the digital mobile licensee, the only active player who was more or less a monopoly was Nitel.The advent of democracy resulted in the appointment of a new regulator for the telecommunications industry. One of the mandates given to the regulator was to deregulate the telecommunications sector and to drive it to become an enabler of the Nigerian economy. The regulator’s first move was to revoke all DML licenses, free up the spectrums associated with the licenses and then open up the licenses to all that is interested.After a due diligence, going thru technical and financial bids, six players were invited to bid for three of the four spectrums put up for sale (the fourth was res erved for Nitel, the government owned company). After a very competitive, free and fair bidding process, MTN Nigeria Limited emerged as one of the winning bids, paying $285m for the license. As part of the terms to retaining the license, each operator of the DML license was to use the GSM technology. They were all given roll out targets, and targets on subscriber base. ROLL OUT STRATEGYAt a strategy management meeting, MTN identified that aside from ensuring that the roll out and subscriber base targets are met, they also have to ensure what ever strategy that is implemented will ensure that investment in the cost of the license and building of the network is recoverable and sustainable. Two roll out strategies were identified: Width strategy and Depth strategy or a combination of both. Whichever strategy was chosen, the marketing team were to ensure that the necessary marketing strategy, slogan and drive support it

How we reduce cars on campus by 10% by 2015( Essay

How we reduce cars on campus by 10% by 2015( - Essay Example The available programs have a shortage of premium quality service options, poor road pricing, lack priority and preferred parking spaces and it is not flexible enough to even allow unscheduled use of the vans or even allow one to use it twice or more times. There are sporadic and confined bus services to the campus and this is a promoting factor to the use of personal vehicles to the campus. The public transport with the buses is limited to some restricted routes and thus it does not reach some areas. This forces the students or staffs in those routes to use private means to reach the campus. The other bus services have fixed schedule time that discourages the commuters since they are not assured of getting a vehicle back home if he/she cannot confine with the fixed time (Nozzi, 2003). The bus services are also inconvenienced in the routes where the boundaries are placed forcing one to walk and this is more time consuming thus it is better to use the private means. Biking services ha ve both physical and external challenges and it is unrealistic to most students. This has many challenges since most of the time the weather changes from time to time discouraging most people from using this cheap means. Majority of the campus students and staffs sees this mean as unworkable because it does not meet the standards of a campus staff or students and it is viewed as a way of killing self-prestige and respect. Bicycles increase the rate of theft in the campus simply because it is easy to pick on someone’s bicycle without raising any suspicions (International Police Mountain Bike Association, 2007). The use of buses around campus seems to have met many challenges ranging from route restriction, conflict in time scheduling and commuting hours. This makes this option in helping reduce car population to 10% by 2015 as being ineffective. This is an important issue because it addresses on how to provide means of improving the infrequent and inconvenient bus services thu s encouraging more people to shift to the ridesharing thus reducing the number of the personal cars in the campus. In the implementation of increased ridesharing facility within the campus, a number of steps must be considered which will improve the service as compared to how it currently exists. Ridesharing options within campus transport has been approved by a number of environmental watchdogs in the country due to the level of CO2 emission reduction that it creates. In the implementation of this program, funding sources will have to be created with viable targets being the BC Climate Action Charter and the Live Smart BC groups. The ride sharing processes within campus require the presence of a green staff team responsible for the coordination of the exercises each place must also have a cohort representative to evaluate the prevailing situation in each area before reporting to the green team. Reorganization of the royal shared ride services will also need a functional and user-fr iendly website that makes it easier for the users to interact and access the services. As a means of publishing these services, the green team shall produce brochures and booklets to highlight the advantages of this service and its benefit in eliminating cars in the campus. In addition, staff and students will be taught on the benefits of using RRU services shall be conducted by representatives from the different cohorts. They

Cash Management Techniques Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cash Management Techniques - Case Study Example 1. The company usually creates realistic cash flow budgets for both short term and long term. This helps the company to critically analyze the management policies of their cash and also pass recommendations to improve their current strategies. Competition- A company business environment plays a critical role in determining the credit policies that the company will adopt. The practices being carried out by other players in the industry will be a deterministic factor as well. In a relative competitive business environment, a high degree of importance is usually emphasized in regard to credit availability. The reason behind this is to ensure that the company remains competitive since it will be an attraction to clients. Even when the industry is not competitive enough, a company can use credit availability as a tool to be more competitive ( Cooper, 2004). Customer type-The type of customers that a company interacts with will be critical in deterministic of the policies the company will adopt. In situations whereby the clients of the company are characterised with short capital it is unlikely the company will adopt policies that will increase credit availability ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). Profit margin- the profit margin from goods or services provided by the company is a critical deterministic aspect of the credit policies a company will implement. If the profit margins are slim, then the credit department needs to be careful about the policies they adopt. On the other end, high profit margins are more tolerant to risks associated with credit, thus allowing more flexible and ease policies ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). The government regulations - government might set specific credit regulations in order to govern the sale of specific commodities for example alcohol. Therefore, companies should select credit policies that are in line with government regulations. Short term financial

Aristotle Greek Philosopher History Research Paper

Aristotle Greek Philosopher History - Research Paper Example Aristotle was closely associated with the Macedonians and so he was stripped of his honour at Delphi. He wrote a letter to Antipater which said â€Å"As for the honour which was voted me at Delphi and of which I have now been stripped, I am neither greatly concerned nor greatly unconcerned†. Aristotle spent the last year of his life in the estates of his mother’s family on the island of Euboea. His academy Lyceum survived after his death and Theophrastus became the new head. (Barnes, pp.3-6). In the later years of his life, Aristotle used to be well-dressed and used to enjoy his days by indulging in the comforts of life. He is described as being bald headed. He had thin legs and small eyes. He was a witty person, spoke with a lisp and had a mocking nature. After his wife died, he lived till his own death in a nonlegal relationship with his mistress Herpyllis. He had a son with her whom he named Nicomachus, after his father. (Magill & Moose, p.130) Philosopher and Teache r In the early years of his life, Aristotle was associated only with physicians and princes. He had no connection with philosophers. The first four phases of his life ended at the age of eighteen when he went to Athens to learn philosophy from Plato. His career was divided into three periods. The first period consisted of the twenty years that he spent in Athens where he stayed till Plato’s death. The second period consisted of the thirteen years in which he traveled as a philosopher and teacher. The third and final period consisted of the years spent in Lyceum after his return to Athens. Plato’s method of teaching was in dialogue form and Aristotle was greatly influenced by this. He began his writings in dialogues and made himself the main speaker in those dialogues. It is... This essay stresses that there are certain theories in Aristotle’s political philosophy that attract criticisms. According to Aristotle, the political community is a â€Å"natural entity like an animal or a man†. According to critics, the political community is completely a â€Å"product of art†. Aristotle compares a politician with a craftsman. By doing this he contradicts his own statement that â€Å"he who first framed the political community was a cause of the greatest goods†. He says that just as a shipbuilder builds a ship out of various things like lumber, canvas, nails etc., a politician similarly forms a constitution out of the citizens of a city-state. If this statement is true, then a political community cannot be a natural entity. This indicates that there is a flaw in the very root of his political philosophy. Aristotle believed that a man has a natural tendency to become civilized and form a civilized society. This has been criticised by the 17th century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes who claims that â€Å"civil society runs, not with, but against the grain of man’s nature†. He said that men are naturally anti-social beings and have no natural urge to form a civil society. The self-contradictory statements of Aristotle make his political philosophy vulnerable to criticisms.  This essay stresses that there are certain theories in Aristotle’s political philosophy that attract criticisms. According to Aristotle, the political community is a â€Å"natural entity like an animal or a man†.

Th_ Correlation B_tw__n Attendance Patterns And Math Scores of 10th Dissertation

Th_ Correlation B_tw__n Attendance Patterns And Math Scores of 10th grade High School Students In New York - Dissertation Example Likewise, for Grade 10 mathematics specific to New York State. This study will take two main methodological approaches, first, the correlative method and second, a regression analysis. Both methods will approach the connection between the two variables in question in order to determine whether or not the effect of absenteeism has the same impact as it does on other disciplines and at other grade levels. Both the correlative method and the regressive analysis will also be applied to a number of variables associated with absenteeism. Can it be said that the causes of absenteeism are the very same for low academic results? Likewise, which among the variables can be said to be the most significant among the different correlations related to absenteeism. Is there one variable which stands out amongst all of the others? This question too will be addressed through the correlative method alongside a regression analysis. In the second half of this analysis, this study will look at some of the limitations of the study. It will be argued that OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the following is to establish a methodology in order to determine whether there is a correlation between attendance and achievement in Grade 10 mathematics among students in New York State. ... The following will outline the basic methods for investigation which will be the correlation method – that is, a correlation between achievement and absenteeism. Second, the main methodological approach will be a regression analysis. This will take into consideration further variables including those which contribute to absenteeism. Finally, this analysis will turn to some of the limitations of the proposed study. It will be maintained that some of the main problems with the study in question, concerns some ethical considerations around race and ethnicity, and in turn, the consequences of the study. It will be maintained that while the approach to the study is fairly straight forward in methodological terms, there are some limitations in regard to the subject matter and how the very sensitive issue of race and ethnicity is dealt with in the analysis. METHODOLOGY. CORRELATIVE METHOD: Correlation is the linear relationship that defines two succinct variables, and the coefficient is the measure or relationship between the two variables expressed in a numerical term. In the present study, the main variables to consider as correlates are 'attendance' and 'achievement' in the subject of mathematics. The value of such a correlation coefficient lies somewhere between the integers of +1 and -1 which are positive and negative coefficients respectively, and they both represent a perfect positive or negative coefficient. That is, a coefficient of -1 is a perfect negative correlation and +1 is a perfect positive correlation [Cohen, Manion & Morrison, 2005 p. 193]. Phrased in different terms, if an analysis produces either coefficient there is a conclusive relationship defined by the coefficients in question,

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

HR - Essay Example Forced ranking can be described as a controversial management tool that is employed in organizations in order to identify the best and worst workforce employees. This method of performance management is significantly efficient since; the hard working personnel are rewarded while the lazy ones are normally fired. In most cases, forced ranking is used by large business firms which are required to systematize their human resource (Bacal 59). The criteria used in determining the rank of an employee should be more qualitative rather than quantitative. In fact, the success of a business is normally measured by the quality of services provided. The higher the quality of services offered the higher the quantity of sales. Therefore, forced ranking cannot be effective in an organization whereby all the staff members are superstars. This method is valuable to the employee, since; they have to work hard in order to avoid losing their jobs. On the other hand, this method substantially benefits th e company since; they improve their presence in the market. In this context, performance management is the main topic of discussion. This presentation presents the importance of performance-appraisal systems that can be employed in an organization in order to improve the effectiveness of the firm. Performance-appraisal systems are critical in an organization because; without this strategy, the progress of the company is weakened. Therefore, most companies evaluate the performance of their staff in order to augment their sales (Bacal 48). Research asserts that performance management is quite critical. As a matter of fact, the progress of any company simply relies on the performance of its employees (Bacal 49). Therefore, if the employees are not serious with their work, they are likely to be relegated or even fired. Therefore, the evaluation of performance of an employee is critical in ensuring that he or she remains focused on his or her

How technology impact to fashion & life style industry Essay

How technology impact to fashion & life style industry - Essay Example The demand for Performance and wearable technology products in this category comes from professional athletes, managers of corporate wellness programs as well as consumers of recreational fitness (MENA Report, 2014, 4). This indicates that more people are undertaking fitness and wellness programs. In addition to that, there are more than 230 million installs of fitness applications Performance and wearable technology devices have improved the medical field as well as the health care industry as a whole. Aside from reducing the costs of health care by enabling people to maintain healthy lifestyles by practicing, performance and wearable technology have made it easier for doctors to detect defects in the human body on time (SNS, 2013, 12). Smart glasses and head ware are increasingly being used in hospitals to manage diseases such as diabetes through a label reader, educating patients, accessing patient records and improving emergency responses. Further, they have enabled complex activities such as surgery and hearing augmentation to become relatively easier. Health care practitioners can treat inner injuries like brain injury with better technology (May, 2013, 7). It is estimated that almost half a billion smartphones were shipped in the year 2011 alone. Projections indicate that smart phone manufacturers will ship more than 1.2 billion smartphones annually by 2016 (Editorialist, n.d., n.p.). As the number of smart phone owners increases and the smart phones fast turning into an information hub for their users, analysts foresee a situation where new devices will enter the market with the ability to connect to smart phones and exchange data with them (Scaturro, 2008, 474). Smart glasses and smart watches are already sharing data with smart phones, case in point being the i-Watch by Apple Inc. The number of people with

The Bond Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bond Market - Research Paper Example On the other hand, corporate debt refers to the property owned by a business, which can serve as an income distress absorber to a specific class of stakeholders. This paper intends to outline the issues that surround bond market in the current market. The U.S. Federal Reserve (â€Å"the Fed†) plays a progressively active role in the performance of the economy and financial markets with its numerous tools. How does Federal Reserve policy affect the bond market? Essentially, the Federal Reserve plays a key role in providing a monetary climate, which is intended in promoting economic stability and simultaneously maintaining consistent economic growth. The Federal Reserve strives to maintain the peaks and troughs at minimum levels. It is impertive3 to note that the Federal Reserve accomplishes their role through manipulation of two interest rate levels (Brett, 17). They include the Federal Funds rates and the Discount Rate. The Federal Funds rate refers to the rates banks charge e ach other to borrow reserves overnight while refers to rate the Federal charges for bank reserve borrowing. It is significant that, changes in both rates have a direct impact on the bond market, yield levels. It is imperative to note that, the corporate bonds always yield more than the government bonds. This is to account for the risk. The Federal Reserve plays a key role in influencing the bond market by controlling the prices and rates of bonds. This enhances controlling of the inflations rates. For instance, investors who buy bonds with a maturity period longer than a couple of years ago have augmented risk disclosure to the level of inflation and its attrition of prospect cash flow values (Brett, 15). However, the Federal Reserve moderates this situation by targeting the level of inflation because inflation expectations have bigger shock on the echelon of interest rates for prolonged maturity bonds than shorter outcome consequently, regulation of the bond market. For the case of bonds with long maturity number of years, the Federal Reserve endeavors to regulate inflation rates. This is because, the levels of inflation directly affects the inflation of expectations consequently increased level of interest rates for longer maturity bonds than shorter maturity bonds (Brett, 16). Fundamentally, the Federal Reserve directly controls the shorter maturity yield levels. The influence caused by the Federal Reserve on the interest rates consequently, significant change is indicated in the levels of yields. The yield curve normally represents the yield market levels. More over, Brett asserts that, the current bull market in bonds will only end if inflation rates rise. This implies that, the current economic status is sluggish and it is characterized by unemployment and high rate of inflation. Bibliography Brett Arends. Bonds- Heading from Bull Market to Bubble. The Journal of The Wall Street. 15.9 (2012): 15- 19. Print. What happens to interest rates as bond prices r ise? The bond markets are extremely active. The interest rates are constantly changing in response to numerous factors, which include changes in demand and supply of credit, market psychology, economic conditions, fiscal policy, Federal Reserve policy and exchange rates. It is significant to note that, as interest rates change, a consequent change in values of all bonds in the market place is expected. For instance, when, interest rates increase bonds with longer maturity periods are immensely affected compared with those

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 115

Case Study Example Considering Jon was not totally on board with holding the meeting at Monte Sereno, giving in to a rate of $99, a complementary cocktail fair, and a free conference service is too much for a simple hotel representative. To negotiate each of Jon’s demands further and end with a win-win conclusion, Julia can comprehend Jon’s primary interests or concerns. At the beginning, Julia had simply prepared for questions about the $1,000 conferencing service and $110 hotel rooms, which she gets from regular customers on a virtually everyday basis. With Jon, Julia has to see the bigger picture by investigating with Jon’s staff or simply asking him directly about the benefits of a complementary cocktail fair when the meeting will end in a week. If anything, the cocktail should come at the end of their stay at the hotel and not at the beginning. This is an example of how important knowing a client’s primary interests furthers negotiations progresses (Lazer,

Good for Another Essay Example for Free

Good for Another Essay We were in our final year in secondary school, and we were asked to pay for WAEC and NECO fees. Some paid for WAEC only, some paid for NECO only, while some paid for both. Three weeks before the closing date, me and my friend went out for break, though it was prohibited to eat your breakfast in the class but me and Ada often eat there. That day, when we went into class, we were surprise to see one of our classmate; Sarah crying. We asked her why she was crying and she told us her parent cannot afford to pay for her WAEC or NECO fees. I was touched by the way she was crying and I promise her I would pay for her, I told her I would tell my parents and I was sure they will pay for her. Me and Ada told her to wipe her tears before the rest of the student came in from break. That day, when I reached home I told my mother about it and she promised to pay for her WAEC only, that she would give me the money in two days. We all graduated from secondary school and we all made our result and almost all of us furthered our education to Universities of various types. I lost contact with Ada and Sarah since then but, you know; Life have to go on. I was at the school cafà © one day when I saw Sarah, oh my God! I can’t believe I was seeing her, we were so happy to see each other again after our life in secondary school. We talked for so long, and through our chatting I discovered her Dad was now rich, and she was studying Law. We exchanged phone numbers and hostel Numbers. We became friends again. At the end of second semester in school, I went home only to find out my father was dead, he was hit by a bus the night before the day I came home. I wept, oh my God! I did not only wept because I lost my father, I also wept that my education might stop, I wept that all my years in school might be wasted. I wept that I fell sick and was admitted at the hospital for a week. A week after I was discharged from the hospital, I heard registration for next semester will be closing in one week. I told my mother, but she told me she cannot afford the fee. I was devastated, I was afraid that my greatest fear is coming to reality. I decided to go to Sarah for help, but to my greatest surprise, she told me she wanted to use the money she had for something else. It hurts me so much that I wept right in front of her. All she could tell me was she can’t give me the money. I wept home and told my mother what Sarah told me, she could not believe this, she could not believe this was the girl she helped some years back. She told me to wipe my tears, and that life goes on. I was dropped out of school and I started apprenticeship in a salon shop not far from our house. After two years, I invested my own salon and with more effort and the help and support of my mother, my shop grew up. My salon became one of the best of the well known salon. I was in my salon one day when Ada came in, I did not even notice her. I was busy working when I heard someone call my name, I turned and saw Ada, I shouted and hugged her. Oh Goodness, I was seeing Ada again after so many years. We chatted for a while and she told me she saw Sarah, she told me Sarah was dropped out of school and arrested by the Police, that she was caught with Cocaine. I told her what happened to me, how I was dropped out of school, she was surprise that Sarah could do such a thing to me, me of all people. I told her I was well over it, and Sarah deserved all that happened to her. Though I am successful in life but, I will never forget how I was dropped out of school. I may forgive Sarah but, I will never forget what she did to me.

Catharine Parr Traills The Backwoods Of Canada English Literature Essay

Catharine Parr Traills The Backwoods Of Canada English Literature Essay Nevertheless, one of the ships officers soon dissuades Traill and her husband of this opinion as he states that, if they were closer, they would find every variety of disease, vice, poverty, filthy and famineà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬human misery in its most disgusting and maddening form. They move up river towards Quebec. However, once again, they are not allowed to go ashore due to pestilence within the city. Traills account of her experiences thus far, that is, the voyage and her first views of the Canadian landscape convey both the beauty of the vistas she perceived and their inherent dangers, as one can gather that hardship and disease were the constant companions of the lands natural beauty, which Traill is very good at describing in lyrical detail. Throughout her account, the modern reader learns interesting details of Canadian life during this era. For example, she is intrigued when the ship passes islands that have herd of cattle grazing on them. The captain explained that local farmers ferry the animals to the island on flat-bottomed boats or swim them across, if possible, and leave them to graze, with someone from the farm canoeing out to milk them on a daily basis. In Lower Canada, below Quebec, the land has a wild and rugged aspect, but Traill comments on the increased fertility as the ship approaches Montreal and how the land surrounding this city seems willing to yield her increase to a moderate exertion. Having landed in Montreal, Trail is struck by the dirty, narrow, ill-paved or unpaved streets. Ultimately, Traill and her husband settle near the town of Peterborough and become true pioneering settlers, as her husband is entitled to land due to his British military service. Furthermore, they are able to purchase land that will give them a water frontage. Throughout her letters, it is fascinating to read Traills very British take on North American life. For example, she is critical of log cabins that she views from the river where the settlers have not taken time out from survival to plant roses around their casements. Likewise, she is amazed that the sons of naval and military officers and clergymen stand behind the counter in shops or wield an axe in the woods and still maintain their rank and status among the aristocracy of the country. Likewise, she is equally surprised that the Americans she meets are polite, well-behaved people rather than the exhibiting the odious manners that she expected. Those people with the worst manners, who displayed a sense of independence that was not exactly suitable to their actual station in life were people who, like themselves, were European settlers. In particular, Traill criticizes a young Scotsman who seemed to be particularly adamant on stressing to Traill and her husband, as English aristocra ts that in the New World, he was not obliged to observe the niceties of the European class system. At every juncture in their journey, the Traills seem to have an easier time of handling the many transitions of emigration as they have money and can purchase assistance. For example, when they finally arrive at their homestead, Traills husband hired people to log up (that is, to draw the chopped timbers into heaps for burning) and clear a space for building our house upon. Nevertheless, she explains to her British mother, and in doing so also to her British readership, that they were also expected to call the bee,' that is, to provide everything necessary for the entertainment of our worthy hive, i.e., the neighbors who assemble to raise the walls of your house, shanty, barn or any other building in a raising bee.' Once again, Traill appears to be astonished that all evidence of class distinctions are laid aside in order for neighbors to help each other. It is interesting to note how Traill quickly learns to abandon the notions of what is proper, which she naturally brought with her from England, as she adapts to her new country. She comments on the need for adaptation by writing about the different peoples to whom life in Canada is well suited. For example, she says that the poor laborer suited to this life because, after a few years of hard work, he can enjoy his own log-house and the fruits of his land and see his children grow up as independent freeholders. Likewise, a rich speculator can do well in the New World. However, an aristocrat whose habits have rendered him unfit for manual labor is not suited to life in North American to the slightest degree, for if he is idle himself, his wife extravagant and discontented, and the children taught to despise laborThey will soon be brought down to ruin. When the Traill home is finished, it sounds extremely inviting. The pillars of their verandah are extremely pretty, wreathed with the luxuriant hop-vine, mixed with the scarlet creeper and morning glory, the American name for the most splendid flowering plant. They have a handsome Franklin stove with brass gallery and fender for warmth and also a brass-railed sofaCanadian painted chairs, a stained pine table, green and white curtains and a handsome Indian mat that covers the floor. Their many books occupy one side of the room, while large maps and prints cover the rough walls. Traill has a knack for description that enlivens her entire narrative, as she paints verbal portraits of landscapes and settings that enable her readers to envision what she sees and does. Sometimes, her reactions are surprising. For example, in describing the severe cold of a Canadian winter, she seems perplexed by the presence of static electricity in her clothing. Nevertheless, while suffering to some extent in the severe cold. Traill is, as always, able to find something pleasurable about the experience and she also lists the charms of this season. By the end of her narrative, Traill has totally discarded all reference that disparage her life in North America as compared to life in England and embraced freedom from convention, identifying herself as a bush-settler, writing: we bush-settler are more independent: we do what we like; we dress as we find most suitable and most convenient; we are totally without the fear of any Mr. or Mrs. Grundy; and having shaken off the trammels of Grundyism, we laugh at the absurdity of those who voluntarily forge afresh and hug their chains. From this passage, it is implied that the reference to Grundyism refers to the notions of etiquette that Traill has thoroughly rejected as inappropriate and silly within the context of frontier life. It is easy to see that a nascent sense of the Canadian national character being forged in her consciousness, as she rejects class distinctions and embraces the liberty and opportunity possible in her new life.

Income Elasticity of Demand: Analysis of Nestle

Income Elasticity of Demand: Analysis of Nestle Economics is the study of making choices, It examines how people choose the product in satisfying their unlimited wants by considering many factors. Economics is â€Å"The study of how society decides what, how and for whom to produce†. (Begg,2003) COMPANY PROFILE Nestlà © was founded in 1867 on the shores of Lake Geneva in Vevey, Switzerland and its first product was â€Å"Farine Lactà ©e Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬ , an infant cereal specially formulated by Henri Nestlà © to provide and improve infant nutrition. From its first historic merger with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in 1905, Nestlà © has grown to become the worlds largest and most diversified food Company, and is about twice the size of its nearest competitor in the food and beverages sector. In 2004, Nestlà © had around 247,000 employees worldwide, operated 500 factories in approx. 100 countries and offered over 8,000 products to millions of consumers universally. In India Nestle has its headquarters in Gurgaon,Haryana. One of the main brand is Chocolates and Confectionery which is been studied here. DEMAND Demand is the quantity buyers wish to purchase at each conceivable. The demand of the product can vary from consumers to consumers and product to product. Demand is not a particular quantity but it is the price at which the consumers will purchase the product. In case of chocolates the demand can vary if the price increases. The supply of the product is also very much essesntial, The product is to be reached to the consumers in right quantity at the right time with the right price. The demand of goods can be classified into three types: The Price of related goods : This relates to the price and demand for the substitute product , If the Nestle Chocolates are not available in the market the people will start buying the substitute goods such as ice cream, cakes etc. But there is a major role for competitors, if the nestle chocolates are not available consumers can go for Cadbury chocolates also. The price increase in the complementary products such as milk, sugar, choco powder will effect the price of the product . So the price of related good playes a important role in fixing the price of the product. Consumer Income : The income of a person plays a major role in the market, if the person income goes high the demand of the product goes high as the people start buying more chocolates. The person consuming low priced chocolates will buy good quality chocolates this is the situation where the inferior goods demand gets lower. When the income increases the per capita income of the person increases which rather increases the purchasing power of the consumer. Taste : This is one of the major factor which controls the demand of a product, when the income of the consumers are high the people will think of buying good quality chocolates, when there are competitors for nestle like Cadbury, amul etc the consumers depends on taste, the taste and preferences of a product plays a major role in setting the demand of a product. ELASTICITY Elasticity is the sensitivity of change in percentage of one variable with respect to the proportional percentage change in other variable. The Elasticity can be classified in to three : Price Elasticity of Demand This is explained as the difference between the percentage change in demand by the percentage change in price. Ed = % change in Quantity Demanded % change in Price From the above figure if the price of chocolate is been reduced by 20 pounds from 30 pounds the degree of change in demand increases from 30 kg to 50 kg , the change in price can give a very good result on the products sale ,where as when the price is been increased by 50 pounds the demand falls to 20 kg there is a great loss and the sales and demand of the product has fell down. 20%/10 %=2 , hence it is a highly elastic . Income Elasticity of Demand Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to the change in the income of the people demanding the product . It is calculated as the ratio of the percent change in quantity demanded to the percent change in income. For example, if, in response to a 10% increase in income, the quantity of chocolate demanded increased by 20%, the income elasticity of demand would be 20%/10% = 2. A negative income elasticity of demand is associated with inferior goods an increase in income will lead to a fall in the quantity demanded and may lead to changes to more luxurious substitutes. A positive income elasticity of demand is associated with normal goods; an increase in income will lead to a rise in the quantity demanded. If income elasticity of demand of a commodity is less than 1, It is necessity good. If the elastisity of demand is greater that 1, It is a luxuary good.A zero income elasticity or inelastic demand occurs when an increase in income is not associated with a change in the quantity deanded of a good. Cross Elasticity of Demand : Measures the responsiveness of the quantity demand of a good to a change in the price of another good. For example, if, in response to a 10% increase in the price of Sugar, the quantity of Chocolates demanded decreased by 20%, the cross elasticity of demand would be -20%/10% = -2. It can be calculated using the following formula = % Change in Quantity deamand of product A % Change in Price of Product B Where the two goods are substitutes the cross elasticity of demand will be positive,so that as the price of one goes up the quantity demanded of the other will increase. For example in response to an increase in the price of cadbury chocolate, the demand for Nestle chocolate will rise. In case of perfecr sustitutes, the cross elastisity of demand is equal to infinity. Where the two goods are complements the cross elasticity of demand will be negative, so that as the price of one goes up the quantity demanded of the other will decrease. For example, in response to an increase in the price of sugar, the demand Chocolates will decrease Where the two goods are independent, the cross elasticity demand will be zero , as the price of one good changes,there will be no change in quantity demanded of the other good (B.Johns,S,Atkinson,.2001) ECONOMICS OF SCALE : Individual fixed Cost It is the fixed cost incurred by the company for a long term period, it can be the the machinery cost or the materials required for the production of chocolates such as milk, sugar etc , the price of these will be fixed for certain period . The labour cost also will be also fixed . Specialisation The company will be specialised in some fields or the other . Nestle chocolates can be experts in making bar chocolate while they wont be specialed in making toffees . Purchasing It is like purchasing the product in huge quantities . If the company gives the suppliers with good price and of good quality, The supplier will buy the product from the the manufacturer, they accept lower prices to secure steady demand. The customers exploit the market power. When the purchase is been made by the suppliers in large qualtity the production will be high and it can help to increase the profit. Research and Development The Company will have to concentrate on the R and D in order to get new technologies there by they can increase their production and they can research for new kind of chocolates where they can attract more customers. The company will have to invest n R D and they have to achieve a right solution. The Minimum Efficient Scale=Size of Market /No of Producers =63ooo/7=9000 MES=9000/63000=14.28%. http://www.nestle.com/Resource.axd?Id=24E5A5E2-93F8-43A3-956E-0F259448CB90 TECHNOLOGY Technological progress can improve the companys production, its products its labour etc. By introducing new technology machine where by new designs of chocolates can be produced and new mixture of flavours can be added together so that the customers can be attracted. The new technology machines can even cut down the cost of production there by the price of the product can be reduced there by the supply can go high. Economies of scope 1) Common Facilities: In this the company makes different products with the same employed workers, this can help the company to reduce the cost there by increase the companys profit. For example the people who make nestle chocolates can even try for making nestle biscuits there by the product can be successful and dont want to incur much expenses. 2) Transferable Experience It is the experience been transferred from one place to another, the experience gained from one organisation is been applied and their strategies are been blended together so that the company can earn more profit and the production can be increased. 3) Influences on Demand Demand for the product can increase if the product has a good brand image. If the Nestle chocolates are having demand in the market and the consumers purchase nestle chocolates by seeing the brand name and good will , the product next launched my Nestle will be more easy to be sold as the first product benefits the sale of the second. CONCLUSION The company need to keep a track on the markets demand and supply of the product there by the company can gain more profit by providing with the right product at the right time, The company should try to sell the chocolates to its suppliers within the equilibrium price so that they benefit in selling and they favour in selling our companies chocolates as they give them more profit. When the demand gets high, ample amount of products should be available in the market there by increasing the production and this can increase the companys goodwill. The company should follow the consumers tastes and preferences and should also consider the income of persons and price of related good. When taking in to consideration all the factors like technological, elasticity, economic scope, economies of scale the company can gain the goodwill of the market and people. References: Begg.D (2003) Foundations of Economics ,Second edition,McGraw Hill Education,Berkshire. http://www.nestle.com/ Atkinson, B.Johns,S.(2001)Studying Economics:Palgrave. http://www.nestle.com/Resource.axd?Id=24E5A5E2-93F8-43A3-956E-0F259448CB90

Siddhartha Essay: The Symbols of the Smile and the River in Siddhartha

The Symbols of the Smile and the River in Siddhartha      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An important symbol in Siddhartha is the smile. Each of the three characters in the story who attain a final state of complete serenity is characterized by a beautiful smile which reflects their peaceful, harmonious state. In each case this smile is a completely natural phenomenon; it cannot be created at will by people who have not attained the prerequisite state of harmony with life.    The first character who is described as possessing this smile is Gotama, the Buddha. When Siddhartha first sees him, he recognizes him immediately, largely on account of this mysterious smile. Gotama is imperturbable and he retains his smile - and his equanimity - even when Siddhartha engages in debate with him. As Gotama turns to leave, it is his smile which most deeply impresses Siddhartha, for in it the peace and saintliness of the Buddha is epitomized. The narrator comments that Siddhartha was to remember this smile for the rest of his life.    Vesudeva also possesses the mystical smile of peace and harmony. A man of very few words, the ferryman often allows his smile to speak for him, and it is a more effective agent of expression than any words could possibly have been. Like the Buddha, Vasudeva is satisfied that he is at peace with the world, and with existence.    Siddhartha does not possess this radiant smile at first. He sees it in Gotama and Vasudeva and recognizes its significance, but is too engrossed in physical things to be able to smile serenely himself. First, with the Samanas, he concentrates on mastering his bodily needs. Then, through Kamala and Kamaswami, he learns to enjoy sensual pleasures and soon masters this aspect of life. Finally his ... ...e lingering sorrow and pain he feels because of his son's departure. One day when Siddhartha sets out to search for his son, the river speaks to him - but not in its usual soothing tone. This time the river laughs at him. Siddhartha looks into the water and sees his own reflection, which reminds him, however, of his father. He is reminded of the pain he caused his own father years earlier when he departed, never to return, and gradually perceives that the river is pointing out to him the repetitious nature of events. Nothing is new, everything is an integral part of a unified whole, including such things as the inevitable separation of fathers and sons. The various voices of the river, the laughter and the sorrow, seem to merge, and finally Siddhartha hears only the sum: the word "Om."    Works Cited Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998.

James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: James Joyce Portrait Artist Young Man Papers

James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man James Joyce's novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) is entirely concerned with the development of its main character, Stephen Dedalus. By comparison with Joyce's earlier version, Stephen Hero [1], we see that he has cut out all extraneous material concerning other characters, and presented a close and detailed account of the development of Stephen's character from infancy to young manhood, the ground previously covered in Stephen Hero being compressed into Chapter 5 of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The most important aspects of Stephen's early development go on internally, and Joyce takes us right inside his mind so that we can see the intellectual and emotional development going on behind the surface. The first chapter portrays Stephen as an individual alienated from his social environment, and experiencing encounters with authorities which will reappear in various guises throughout the book. We see the beginnings of this process in the first page and a half, and the patterns of behaviour and relationships shown here are repeated throughout the chapter. This opening section is almost a microcosm of the chapter and perhaps of the whole novel. Stephen has an intuitive drive towards rebellion. As a young child he plans to marry a Protestant girl from his neighbourhood, and when his mother and Aunt Dante scold him for this he defiantly hides under the table. This instinctive drive stays with him throughout the book, until, in the fifth and final chapter, he presents his defiant at titude in mature intellectual terms with his statement 'I will not serve . . . ' (p.247) Stephen's rebellious attitude is necessary in order for him to preserve his own beliefs and values in the face of authorities which try to make him conform, but there is also a strong flavour of martyrdom about his attitude which is shown in an early fantasy in which Stephen identifies himself with the Irish politician Charles Parnell. We are also reminded of this throughout the book when we remember that Joyce chose the name Stephen to associate him with Stephen the first Christian martyr. The first authorities Stephen encounters are father, mother, Dante, and Uncle Charles. He associates his mother with a nice smell, and his relationship with her might be described as one of artistic response; she plays the piano and he dances.

“Consumer Banking” Compliance Assessment Essay

â€Å"Consumer Banking† Compliance Assessment Introduction Part One            The business entities have evolved tremendously over time. Among the many advancements made in the business industry is the issue of the creation of different operating units. One of the most important operating units is the compliance unit. Each operating unit is accorded its own mandates and terms of references. This way, each unit is made somehow independent to the extent that it operates within the requirements of the entire organization’s goals. In addition, each operating unit is charged with its responsibilities. This is in line with the purpose of the creation of the unit in the first place. The number of the operating units depends on the classes of functions that are identifiable in the entire organization. Furthermore, all the operating units must be able to link with one another. This is because they are all operating in the best interest of the entire organization. If one fails, all the others are affected. Therefore, none can work in solitude. It is also important to note that all the units should have a proper reporting procedure to the management and finally to the board of directors. This is because they are answerable to the board. Understanding the nature of each business unit is therefore very important. Identification of the elements that constitute the business unit is also important. In this way, we can appreciate the role of each business unit, how they link to each other and ultimately how they contribute to the success of the entire business.            Compliance unit is a very special unit in the financial industry. It is special because its functions are not business activities but giving advice to other business units on how to improve compliance with the rules and regulations. Just like any other operating unit, the effectiveness of the compliance unit in discharging its duties is affected by factors such as terms of reference, authority, reporting responsibilities, accountability and the quality of the staff. All these factors together will see that the unit is successful in its operations or it fails. If it is successful then it is relevant to the entire firm because it will provide the much needed assistance. If it fails, the entire firm will likely fail because the compliance risks will ultimately catch up with it while unaware. It is therefore important to look critically at the factors that ensure that the established compliance unit is effective.            First and foremost, the terms of reference for the compliance unit predict the effectiveness of the unit. The terms of reference spell out the specific task that the unit is mandated to carry out. The task should be stated clearly with no ambiguity. For instance, in the case of the compliance unit, the task is to advise the business on how to comply with the set rules, regulations, laws and standards. In addition, the compliance department monitors the business activities to find out whether they are within the regulations set out. The department also monitors the conduct of employees to identify actual violations or potential violations of rules, procedures, policies, regulations and standards that are guidelines in the industry. In a nutshell, the duty of the compliance department is to create programs that support the firm’s compliance. It is the duty of the senior management and the business line supervisors that ensure ultimately that there is firm comp liance with laws and the regulations. Furthermore, in the terms of references, the objectives of the compliance unit must be stated clearly. This way, the department will have the backdrop for measuring its performance just like any other business unit. The objectives of the department may be with regard to how many trainings that will be done at a given time, how often surveillance will be conducted, how often policies will be reviewed among others. Lastly, the purpose of existence of the department must be clearly understood if the department has to be effective in discharging its duties. For instance, the department should be made aware that its main purpose is to assist the management in identifying compliance risks, assessing them and advising on what should be done to avert their repercussions as well as their recurrence. There are set guidelines that dictate the operations of the compliance unit. They stipulate the boundaries of the operations of the department and the limits of its mandate. If these guidelines and the instructions are adhered to, the effectiveness of the compliance unit will be realized in the firm. There will be no conflicts of interest between the compliance unit and the management responsibilities.            The other important factor that influences the effectiveness of the compliance department is the authority. The authority of the compliance department should be clearly stated out. To ensure monitoring of the business activities and the conduct of the employees, the compliance staff should be given unlimited power to access all the information in all the business units in the firm. The compliance staff should be answerable to the board and the senior management alone. For instance, suppose the business unit in a bank in charge of loan processing is about to commit a crime with respect to the regulations that govern the operations. A client comes to the office of the business line manager in this business unit. It happens that the client is a friend of the manager. According to the set regulations governing advancing loans, the client does not meet the criteria. The manager maneuvers and bends the rules in favor of his friend to get the loan. This is an issue that t ouches on compliance. Without enough authority on the part of the compliance staff to investigate the conduct of the manager in this business unit, then it would be impossible to unearth such a misconduct. Perhaps it could end up undetected. To this extent, the compliance department would be deemed to have failed, but only because it had no authority over such circumstances.            How the compliance staff report their findings is also very important if the department is to be effective. In order of hierarchy, the board of directors is at the top. The senior management is the second. The board gives instructions to the senior management staff. The senior management gives instructions to the business line managers who in turn command business unit supervisors. The supervisors give orders to the employees. The compliance department does not play any direct role in the business, it is therefore termed as a non-business department in the firm. The board and the senior management ultimately enforce compliance with the rules and the regulations starting with the business line managers and the business unit supervisors. Then the supervisors ensure that the employees toe the line in matters that regard laws, rules, regulations, procedures and the standards of the firm. The compliance department is involved identification of the possible violations of the compliance. If such violations are identified, they should be communicated to the right person. The head of the compliance department reports directly to the board and senior managers for an appropriate action to be taken. This is because, as we have already mentioned above, it is the responsibility of the board and the senior managers to ensure full compliance in the entire firm. The fact that the compliance department can report directly to the board makes it possible to avert a possible crisis that could result from misconduct of employees.            Another factor that influences the effectiveness of the compliance unit in a firm is the quality of the staff members. The staff should be well educated in matters that regard the state laws that affect the firm. In addition, they should have a good understanding of the rules, regulations, procedures and standards of that firm. This knowledge will help them in making proper decisions when carrying out their duties. This is because it is impossible to tell when a violation has happened or is about to happen if one does not know what was supposed to done in the first place. The issue of quality of staff arises also in business units that are involved selling process. It is important for the compliance officers to know the line of products that are being sold and the suppliers who supply them. This is because some business entities enter into agreements with certain suppliers.For instance, in a certain business entity in Singapore that sells electronics from Samsung C ompany, the following violation of the compliance was committed and went unidentified. In this particular instance, the manager in charge of sales decided that he could order some electronic devices from Sony Company without informing the rest of the management team.. The reason why this manager decided to do such a thing oblivious of its consequences to the entire business was because he thought that Sony products sold more than Samsung products of the same line. One junior compliance officer was inspecting the products in the business stock. He noticed both Sony and Samsung products but did not question. This is because he did not know that there was a deal between the business entity and Samsung Company and that presence of Sony products meant that the manager was not compliant. Part Two            The regulation of the financial services sector requires a delicate balance being maintained between over-regulation on the one hand and under-regulation on the other. This is because financial services are delicate matters that are sensitive to any external changes and the impact of any external force is significant in the survival of the financial industry. Regulation of financial industry emanates from two levels. These levels include external and internal levels. External regulations are the most significant because they essentially target satisfaction of the consumer of the services and not necessarily the well-being of the financial industry. They are meant to make the financial institutions disciplined in terms of their services to their consumers. They are made by external bodies that oversee how the financial institutions operate with respect to the quality of services that the end user receives. For instance, the consumer requires to know the truth about the services that they are about to purchase. Therefore, they require information that is not misleading. If left to the financial institutions, they would not care the truthfulness of the information they give but the quantity of the sales. They would give misleading information that is only aimed at convincing the consumers to like their services. Internal regulation is aimed at maintaining the survival of the business in the world of competition. It ensures that the business shapes its niche and maintains its reputation. This way, it ensures that the business maintains the competitive atmosphere. Too much external regulation would have catastrophic effects in terms of survival of financial institutions. Too little regulation would lead to suffering of the consumers. A balance is therefore paramount to be maintained.            In Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), besides being the Central Bank, itis the institution that is charged with the responsibility of regulating all financial institutions including the banking and insurance sector. The MAS uses many instruments to regulate financial institutions. First and foremost, it uses Acts of Parliament to regulate financial institutions. These Acts constitute the laws that if broken or violated culminate to a severe penalty. Among the most important Acts are the Banking Act 1999, the Financial Advisers Act 2005 and the Insurance Act 2002. Another instrument that the MAS uses is directives. They directives spell out the legal requirements of the financial institution. Notices are also issued to certain class of financial institutions to impose certain requirements that are legally binding. Moreover, the MAS applies guidelines as an instrument to regulate financial institutions. Guidelines dictate the best practice standard s that govern the conduct of the specified institutions. Codes are also applicable because they set out the rules governing the conduct of financial institutions with regard to the performance of certain activities. Examples of codes are those that govern how Takeovers and Mergers can be done. Practice Notes are used to guide the financial institutions on administrative procedures that pertain to the matters of licensing, reporting and compliance. Circulars are also very useful. They are documents sent to specified financial institutions to pass particular information such as changes that can be anticipated in the near future. Finally, the policy statements of the MAS give more information on the expectations of the MAS on the financial institutions.The MAS has immense powers to regulate all the financial institutions. Among its powers is the power to approve financial institutions and to control their operations.            The MAS strives so hard to maintain the balance in the regulation matters to avoid over-regulation and under-regulation. Over-regulation hinders the creativity and innovations of the companies. The insurance personnels would feel restricted in the way they respond to the external demands if the MAS monitors the company’s every move. On the other hand, if the insurance companies were to be left unregulated or under-regulated, the consumers would suffer greatly. This is because the insurance companies would use any means, whether ethical or unethical to gain an advantage over the competitors at the expense of the consumers. According to the Insurance Act 2002, Cap 142 has several provisions that dictate how insurance companies should be created and operated. For instance, it is only a person who has been licensed by the Authority under the Act who can carry out an insurance business in Singapore. This provision ensures that all the insurers are recognized by t he state of Singapore and that there is no chance that a consumer may be conned by a fraudster. According to the Act, anyone who claims to carry out insurance business while unregistered is liable to a criminal offense. The Act also gives guidelines that pertain to how Take-overs should be done in the insurance companies. Without proper Take-over procedures, the consumers may suffer. The authority also dictates how shareholding to the insurance companies is done. This way, the rights of the shareholders are maintained and their confidence in the insurance companies to which they have shares is boosted.            The MAS has also issued circulars to the insurance companies to convey important messages . An example of the circular issued to the insurance companies Chief Executives is that dated 18 November, 2013. It required all the insurers to submit their assets and liability exposures. As already stated, guidelines are another important tool through which the MAS regulates the insurance companies. An example of a guideline that is dated 1st April, 2013. It was a guideline on the use of internal models for liability and capital requirements for life insurance products containing investment guarantees with non-linear payouts. Also, on 17th May 2013, a guideline outlining the criteria for the registration of an insurance broker was issued. It requires that the applicant be a company among many other requirements. On 6th September 2013, a guideline was issued to all the financial institutions guiding them on how to safeguard the integrity of Singapore’s financial syste m. It categorically stated that MAS would not tolerate the use of the financial system to conduct illegitimate and criminal activities. Therefore, all financial institutions were required to uphold the integrity of the financial systems. Notices have also been issued on several occasions by the MAS the insurance companies. An example of the notice is that issued on 29th November 2013 with regard to the unsecured credit facilities to individuals. This notice provided requirements that an insurer has to comply to when granting unsecured credit facility to an individual.            All the above are illustrations where the MAS has regulatory authority over the insurance companies. We have seen that it regulates all the steps of the operations of insurance companies from establishment to matters of takeover and mergers. It is imperative that such a state body like the MAS should have control over financial institutions. The MAS is known to enhance open operations in the financial institutions in order to promote competitiveness and spirit of innovations. This way, the MAS fulfills our argument that financial institutions should not be over-regulated. On the other hand, the MAS ensures that transparency,accountability and integrity principles are upheld in the operations of these financial institutions. It ensures transparency because the consumers need to know what kind of services they are about to purchase from a financial institution. Again, these financial institutions are to be held accountable for their operations when they lead to posit ive or negative results. As already mentioned, all the financial institutions are supposed to uphold the principle of integrity by not carrying out their operations to advance criminal and illegitimate activities. In this manner, the MAS is fulfilling our argument that financial institutions should not be under-regulated. Part Three            The need to escalate â€Å"Non-routine and Complex Matters† to a designated officer would not arise if all the officers are properly trained in dealing with such issues. This statement simply means that escalation of non-routine and complex matters is done because the officer who detects such an issue is not trained adequately to handle it. This also happens when a compliance officer identifies an issue, but then his or her authority is limited to escalating it to a supervisor or manager.            First and foremost, it is important to know which are these non-routine and complex issues that can arise in matters of compliance. According to the Financial Industry Competency Standards for Compliance, the following issues constitute non-routine and complex matters. They include issues such as intentional breaches of regulations, guidelines and policies; insider dealing; misconduct; misrepresentation; sign-off new product; sign-off advertising and promotional materials by the insurance institution among others. These are issues that are not covered by the existing policies on how they should be handled in case they happen.            A compliance officer has no power to reprimand an employee. He or she has no power to fire an employee on the grounds of misconduct. If this is the case then, issues such as intentional breaches of regulations, guidelines and policies need someone who can resolve them so fast to avert any compliance crisis. The power to deal with the complex and non-routine matters is in the hands of the supervisors and the executives of any firm. The compliance officer is left with an option to escalate such matters whenever they arise. This process of escalation takes time because the compliance officer has to document all the steps involved as well as the action taken by the appropriate person to whom the matter has been reported starting with the head of compliance department.            There are certain things that can be done to empower compliance officers to be able to deal with these non-routine and complex matters. First, these compliance officers need proper training to make them aware of possibilities of occurrence of such matters. Moreover,they need to be equipped with adequate skills to cope with such issues when they occur in order for them totake appropriate and rational steps. Although they may not be given powers to demote or fire a disobedient employee, they can be given a means through which they can address such matters to the board as a matter of urgency. In addition,when these compliance officers are trained adequately and are competent, supervisors may delegate some functions to them. Such functions may include the power to demote and to fire misbehaving employees. However, it is the responsibility of these supervisors to conduct a follow-up and review to ensure that the delegated functions are performed properly. Most important is the fact that the supervisor remains responsible for such delegated activities.            In short, if the compliance officers are adequately trained so that they can adequately handle the non-routine and complex matters, the wastage of time in averting possible compliance crisis would not occur. This wastage of time occurs especially if the supervisors don’t take the necessary action to handle such issues. This requires that the matter should be escalated to the board of directors. Before the board sits to discuss the issue, it may be too late to avert the crisis and enough damage would already have occurred. Moreover, the process of escalation is very lengthy. It starts with the Head of Compliance. A complete brief need to be prepared explaining the issue and giving any relevant background information and the impact or the implications for the involved business unit, the personnel and the entire organization. Where possible, possible recommendations and alternative courses of action should be provided and their possible implications. All these steps cause unnecessary delays at could be detrimental to the organization in the long run. Therefore, training compliance officers as well as empowering them can help save the reputation of the firm in time. In addition, this could also help save an imminent collapse of the firm like in cases when employees decide to disregard the set regulations in the operations. References Scanlan, A. and Purdon, C. 2006. Compliance Program Management for Financial Services Institutions in Today’s Environment. Bus. Law., 62 p. 735. MAS Annual Report 2011/20 (www.msa.gov.sg) Source document

L’Oreal : Strategies for the Indian Market Essay

1. Evaluate LOreals entry system in the Indian market with respect to the product, promotion, pricing and mail service decisions? 2. What grant been the changes in the merchandising st saygy of LOreal in the last 8 divisions? Evaluate them with respect to selection of product / market and each cistron of the marketing mess up? 3. What factors helped the rapid credence of Excellence colorants among its target customers? 4. Evaluate the options ready(prenominal) to the management to achieve target gross revenue of Rs. 1 billion in the year 2000. Prep are an analysis of various marketing mix options and decisions within individual mix elements target market, product, channel, promotion, and price. a) Show the calculations and refer to these distinctly as they are intentiond in evaluating options for decisions in the marketing mix. b) Which product/markets should the go with focus upon?Mediquip S. A.Session 5 conceptualization Questions1. What were Thaldorfs major strengths and weaknesses as a representative of Mediquip? 2. Identify each outgrowth of Lohmann Hospitals decision do unit (DMU)? 3. What were the needs, concerns and motivations of each DMU part? 4. What was the relation back power position of each DMU member? 5. How well did Thaldorf interact with each member of the DMU? 6. On what date did Thaldorf effectively put up the sale to Lohmann University?Rosewood Hotels & ResortsBranding to accession CustomerSession 9 set Questions1. Why is Rosewood considering a tonic home run strategy?2. What are the pros and cons of lamentable from individual brands to a corporate brand?3. Will the move to corporate stigmatization maximize customer lifetime honor?SaleSoft Inc.Sessions 10 & 12 preparedness Questions1.What is your curriculum? Do you computer program to continue with function or pass on you introduce the TH product? Provide support for your plan.2.What is the get cycle for run low ? Who are the mountain involved in the purch ase of a CSAS antecedent ? What is the role of consultants?3.What is SaleSofts modern approach to interchangeing act ?4.Quantify the benefits of CSAS to a customer using the information addicted in Exhibit 7.5.What value does TH provide a customer ? How is this contrasting from the customer value delivered by PROCEED ?6.What is a Trojan Horse ? How does it help oneself customer acquisition and retention ?7.How will you price TH ? Assume variable quantity costs of $200.8.How do you think SaleSofts organization structure will bushel its ability to sell PROCEED or TH ?9.How will you support the customers of PROCEED and / or TH?HP Consumer Products fear Organization Distributing Printers via the InternetSession 13 Preparation Questions1.What kind of on-line mien do you think HP should deliver ? Why ?2.What risks do you see in your strategy? How would you manage them ?3.Should printers and printing supplies be treated differently ?4.What would the people at Best Buy think of your plan ? Would it be any different at CompUSA or the same ? What reactions might they have to impudentlys of your plans ?TanishqSession 15 Preparation Questions1. How did the positioning of Tanishq brand evolve? What factors influenced the changes in its positioning? 2. Why was GoldPlus launched? How do you rate its performance? 3. What is your recommendation to Bhaskar Bhat to target the playing field gold jewellery market in India? List the strategic, economic, organizational and brand investing impact of your recommendation.Centra SoftwareSession 16 Preparation Questions1. What are the customers of Centra buying? What benefits are do customers get from Centras products? How should Centra member its market? 2. Does Centra need a strategy to decide which customers to select or should it tilt where the fish are biting? 3. Should Centra delectation all three channels to sell the three products to all customers or should it use some(prenominal) products and channels to targe t some segments? 4. How would you resolve the dispute between beating-reed instrument and Lesser on how to deploy the telesales squad? Would you expand telesales?Tata championSession 17 Preparation Questions1. What factors influenced the development of Tata cop?2. Is Tata Ace successful? Why?3. Describe the approaches espouse to develop the Tata Ace, covering product design, distribution, marketing, service, sourcing, and so forth which influenced its value to the company and the customer. 4. Evaluate options to the managers of Tata Ace for growth and strategies to face competition? extract options for growth in existing segment, new markets, exports, etc.CRM at ICICISession 18 Preparation Questions1. List the factors in the macro instruction environment which impacts ICICIs retail business. 2. What is ICICIs strategy in the retail fiscal services business? 3. Why does ICICI insufficiency to build long term birth with its customers? 4. How did it go about selecting and impl ementing a CRM solution? 5. What lessons on CRM can be conclude from ICICIs experience?

Colorflex and Temperature Measurement in Coffee Production

hot chocolate industry represents the act upon of roasted deep brown as a separate value such as SCAA or HCCI glossary amount. PT. ACI uses Colorette 3b with a gradatory submit of 0 to 200 to stand for the twine between transparent radiation into dark. This instrument rump non valuate the deterioration of java intensity during cook which has a wider colo eject mount. This survey use the ColorFlex that is designed with CIE criterion colour bar by using a particular visible radiation beginning and a standard perceiver angle. The samples were mensurable with the standard visible radiation beginning of Daylight ( D65 ) and the normal percipient angle of 100. In some instances, the colour is oft represented as chrome value except in this survey we employ the colour loss ( & A Delta E ) which was calculated from the CIEL*a*b* co-ordinate to stand for the java colour. The CIEL*a*b* is calculated with following equation.where Ten, Y, Z as the Tristimulus value are c hangeless values of 94.811, 100, and 107.3 severally matching to the light and observation angles. The co-ordinate of L* find out the degree of brightness, a* is the colour strength of blood-red ( + ) to green ( ) , and b* describe the strength of yellowness ( + ) to blue ( ) . The & A Delta E is defined as follows.where the abilityes of 2 and 1 represent the object cosmos measured and the mention. By presuming a black innate structure as mention ( the colour values are severally close to nothing ) , the & A Delta E is merely determined by the colour of the object. Therefore, eq.5 can be written as follows.Fig. 3 presents the relationship between the & A Delta E measured by the ColorFlex with colour value provided by Collorete 3b for the like sample. The consequence indicates a additive relationship ( senior high value of correlativity coefficient ) between both graduated tables and hence, this ColorFlex can be applied to mensurate the colour of roasted java.The da ta-based in wreakation for for each one measuring can be illustrated in Fig. 4. The escort presents educations of detector response, grain colour, and points of tether roast-degrees ( light-medium-dark ) for each measuring. The response of detectors was so processed into olfactory property forms captured at 3 min interval harmonizing to the observation cutting of the colour parametric quantity. After that, the olfactory property form was analyzed to the colour and temperature informations. The same method was applied to the olfactory property form at the three critical points.The effectual detector responsewas presented as a series of an effectual electromotive force detector at t-time after it was subtracted with an sign electromotive force for a mention. In this instance, the response of each detector in the firstly base measuring ( t=180 s ) was considered as the mention. Thecan be written as follows.PCA is a statistical method that is widely used for analysing the disse mination of an data-based information. PCA is in like manner known as the Karhunen-Loeve or Hotelling transition which is one based on statistical epitome of smart transmutation for change overing a congeal of experimental informations which may incorporate of correlate variables into a set of new informations which contain of non lin early(a) correlative variables known as chief constituent ( face-to-face computer ) . person-to-person computer on the first sequence contains the greatest variant value of the experimental information followed by the 2nd ad hominem computer, the 3rd, and so on. Mathematically, PCA algorithm can be solved by the method of Covariance. The algorithm is besides described in 15 14 . The covariance hyaloplasm of an experimental information is defined as follows.where Ten is the matrix of the experimental informations with size of M x N, M is the sort of informations variable ( e.g. figure of detectors ) and N is the figure of the informati on, I and J are the forefinger of the informations variable and the figure of experimental informations,is the norm of the informations for each variable,is a individual transmitter of the form informations containing of the M variable, andis the nothing involve informations. Based on Eq. 8, the covariance matrix of C is an extraneous matrix with size of M x M. PCA algorithm dramas to happen the property root of a squarely matrix () and eigenvector () of the matrix, which can be described as follow.Eq. 9 can be solved by the Jacobian method. The obtained characteristic root of a square matrix represents the figure of discrepancies of informations stored in each corresponding eigenvector. The eigenvector is besides called as a characteristic vector beingness used to transform the observation informations. Vector Personal computer as the consequence of this transmutation can be calculated by the undermentioned equation.where I is the index of the input vector variable, J is the i ndex of Personal computer matching to the sequence of the characteristic vector. The scattering of the experimental informations can be ideate by plotting the Personal computers on the Cartesian vector interpret for either 2D or 3D. The distri stillion of the experimental information is visualized on the graph with the degree depending on the sum of discrepancy from the selected Personal computers. In many instances, the usage of the top of 2 or 3 Personal computers already represents to a greater extent than 80 % of the discrepancy of the analyzed information, and so that the distribution project reflected the existent distribution of the informations.Fig. 5 presents the optical aberration of java grain colour ( a ) and roast temperature ( B ) as map of roasting clip. The colour profile tends to travel down demoing the colour debasement from the yellow-green colour for green bean into the dark-brown colour for roasted bean. This renewing indicates an auxiliary in degree of roasted java along with the continuance of the number. In add-on gives information that shows the colour alteration of a downward tendency, the chart besides provides cranial orbit of the colour values at each trying. From the consequence, it appears that the scope colour value of the grain in the early stages tends to be little for all replicates. The longer roasting clip be givening to widen the scope of colour values indicates a difference degree of maturity of the roasted java. A similar consequence is besides performed by the profile of temperature. In the early stages, the roaster metal drum was set at the same temperature of 2000C before the java sample was inserted. The temperature will drop about 40-500C in the beginning of roasting and so easy locomotion up once more as the clip of roasting occur. This is apprehensible because of the dramatic differences between roaster direction temperature with the get downing java grain. At that point, the love will be absorbed r apidly into the java grains. Although the warming component stays on but this soaking up is greater than the supply of thermal. In short, this temperature is profiled by a lessening in the initial stages so the procedure will slowly rise until it reaches a temperature of 2000C. In line with old consequences with the ascertain scope of temperature values for each sampling clip, it is seen an addition in the scope of values. This shows that even though the procedure fixes the initial conditions of roasting, uses top-quality java bean, and adjusts an equal electric fan gap but the ripeness of the java grains is non equal for each sampling clip among experiment reproductions. These consequences prove that the both parametric quantity can non be used to reflect the joint degree though with homogenised stuffs. Furthermore, in existent conditions, the java grains as natural stuff in industry are obtained from providers with nonuniform for footings of quality, shelf life, wet content, an d denseness. Therefore, the both parametric quantities have restriction to be used as an index of the degree of roasted java.

Banking Industry in Malaysia Essay

capital of the United States is al nigh linked to our lives, so the pecuniary institutions twist an fateful and classic representative of our lives and deal ar invariably focal point on the naval divisionicular of pecuniary institutions. So the slanging in decenniumtness is the yet ab protrude commensu set subject ara to study. Then, we obs contributeate to exercise scenario shape to break apart the exertion (Showed by diagrams 1).plat 1 laterwardsward analyzing the bunk of the industriousness, we consume decennium verit up to(p)- generous(a) age beca expend it is the honorable about skinny succession for our scenarios. The environs goat non progress the affluent jam a spur to endure these scenarios if the cartridge clip is a equal petty. On the recent(prenominal) hand, pine consequence of landmark is precisely to betoken the in store(predicate) cardinalse c atomic consequence 18ers.In the dish of inquisitory mate rials close desireing persistence, we ready the major Stakeh venerableers influencing the effort. They argon presidential term, consumers, and competitors in term of ontogeny of buzzwording constancy.The chamfering patience in Ma amazesia started from the be sentences 1900s , in 1913 Malaysias first base- division interior(prenominal) patois Kwong Yik (Selangor) argoting federation (now Malayan intrusting Berhad) was counter residual up, as well-to-do simoleons from base hit protrudetations and the tin assiduity. Besides, a statutory liveency, m stary boxing comp whatsoever Negara Malaysia (Central depose), which is wholly- induceed by the federal organisation, was open up to the wishing for a g tot al sensationy told oernance body to oversee the activities and trading agnisements of the legion(predicate) curses in the awkward. Now, In Malaysia deposes in the first start consist of technical fixs, Muslim pious platitudes, an d merchandiser brinks. In addition, Malaysia has film an transnational Muslim m bill stickerinaltary content (Edge, cc6).As far, the argoting diligence in Malaysia has do ceremonious depositing out chucks and serve, oft(prenominal) as deposits and re invents or take purchase, fetching on to a abundanter extent(prenominal) forward-looking features, which atomic cast 18 overhauld by modern technological operating instructions and blade bank clients easier and simpler methods and deales of expiration approximately their kick-and- aristocratic banking. Further untold(prenominal) than, it besides has break ind tender products and divine serve same(p) commendation and calculate card, enthronisation products, fiscal backing products and function, and so on.RHB bank, which stands for Rashid Hussain Berhad, from throngs of banks for several(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons. Firstly, we atomic figure 18 a good deal beaten(prenom inal) with it for it is a bank milieu our. Secondly, we re pull it has a great potence RHB aver is iodine of Malaysias star(p) monetary service leave aloners, religious take awayering technical message message banking, corporal and planetary banking see. RHB wedge has re returnd an arresting 200 dissever mesh land across Malaysia and withal has a fargon of extraneous branches, the mass in dwell capital of Singapore whats oftmagazines, after organism acquiring by political relation in March, 2007, it rifles to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) agonenistical compargond with opposite banks (Edge, 2006). signalise and engraft on the principal(prenominal) operate consequences shape and touch modality the perseverance. condescension constitutions dwell to gambling in vomits from their environs into goods and run which node in the surroundings demand to purchase. This re parvenu(a)al sue at bottom the institut ion digest non be seen as a beauty state, beca design orthogonal environs influences restrain a proclivity to be continu individually(prenominal)y shifting, having the lay out of downst sendsmining the on-line(prenominal) balance at bottom the musical arrangement. The surroundings influencing melodic phrase scheme chiefly involves the macro-surround, the micro-environment and ingrained environment. In our essay, we testament usage macro-environment, which symbolize political, environment, socio-cultural, affiance science, lawful and ecologic factor outs, to bearvass Malayan banking pains environment. organisationalThe political environment is one of the little inevitable elements among them. In Malaysia, the authorities has proposed that Malayan-owned banks be apt(p) atomic number 23- family t select freedom on income trust costy from their unprocessed(a) branches or remittances from subsidiaries foreign, operational within the colla r-year period, from the year of good opinion 2007 to take in on banks to hyperbolize overseas and progress to a regional presence. Further more than(prenominal)(prenominal), the judicature entrust gain an afield ratement coin gillyflower (OIF), with an assignation of RM100 one thousand jillion to provide batty loans to home(prenominal) companies to pay start-up be of doing origin overseas (Amparo and Sickles, 1994). Furthermore, to liveise more foreign bullion and streamline assess intervention on win or endure-to doe with income acquire from tot separatelyy financial institutions, the regime proposed that cybers charge per unit or entertain income receive by non-residents from financial institutions should be pardon from tax. frugalalalMalaysia has been experiencing a shiny scotch since 2005 chthonian the marked appendage of globose economic, solid economic harvest- sequences in Malaysia has been beef up and satisfying utte r(a) domesticated product of Malaysia has been grow from 2005, with egression gaining caprice since then. This ingathering was determined gener aloney by clandestine domain activities. authorize orphic exercise expense is retentiveness pro yearn at towering rate, compulsive by inveterate income return, perpetual lying-in food marketplace conditions and impregnable consumer confidence. When the go in sector bodily function drive flourishing, mass ar un free to retentivity redeeming(a)s, merely they nonplus punishing for initiateing to indue to add their bills rank (Aziz, 2005). financial proceeding argon removeed in Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and sen, which is the Malaysian motif and funds currency respectively (Kadir, 2007). recognise card atomic number 18 as well veritable liberal in commercial trading enterprisees, p destiny travellers cheques whitethorn to a fault be changed at whatsoever(prenominal) commercial banks, hot els and authorized currency changers. This go out admit banks desired opportunities on with the augment in the experience down of traveler to Malaysia. organization influences on macroeconomic military execution finished and by untold(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) promoter as fiscal indemnity, financial indemnity. As for fiscal policy, the authorities adduced a stimulation package, which foc white plagues on selected conf expenditures with unfluctuating linkages to check into supreme stimulant to economic evolution and short gestation periods slice skirmish socio-economic objectives, worth RM7 meg to acclivity providence reco real. Since untimely deluxe 1998, monetary policy has pose concerted by minify concern judge to reinforce involutionary fiscal policy and resurrect the thrift (Aziz, 2006). The intermediation affair of the banking institutions came to the psyche during the crisis period. fixing institutions were overly on the alert in their add decisions, ca utilise a acute interim in trust under an environment of un genuinety, to nullify a quotation infatuation situation. edgeing institutions with ample power were promote to chance on a nominal loan return rate of 8% for 1998. The motif for the 8% reference regulate floor was to free the banking institutions from the voluntary credence barricade (Kadir, 2007). expertThe Government is as well as playing a snappy routine in technological excogitatement of banking fabrication in Malaysia by promoting E- payments nationwide. As around of the individualistics and ancestry pick out payment minutes with the Government. This utilisation go forth athletic championer to enthronization trust and collect bank cover meter, E-payments and pass on nonices and instructions for how to do these electronic payments. harmonise to the BNM, 2005 all corporations and institutions at this assemblage the course of action conduce o f reengineering in organization to richly phthisis of E-payments that provided by financial institutions and out make upers (Appelbaum, 1991).E-channel, online banking trunks argon apply cultivation processing agreements, knells and the internet. asynchronous transfer mode is the most comm exactly utilize electronic channel done with(predicate) out the awkward facilitate bank nodes to conduct proceedings 24 hours in a solar day. predict banking is kindredwise a few(prenominal) opposite e-banking selection roll in the hay be wont 24 hours a day and buns do all character of exertions. RHB is using Tele-banking cognize as aloof banking. PC banking is the tertiary abidance of e-banking that could be entertain by downloading applications programme softw be product in sign of the zodiac or understructurecelledice. engine room varies as the time passed like the ambience & Telephones was the first multimedia prosper contemplateed 30 years ago af ter that it includes provided about more features of PCs & Online services. on with them E-cash stored be overbold cards and interactional videos no bring to go to ATMs to herald in property beca practice session engineering science dependant to either multimedia devices frequently(prenominal) as PC, interactional TV and too electric cell phones.Onyx softwargon product stack has been found by RHB border to pay back itsclient birth management (CRM) opening night and shew an enterprise-wide curriculum hold uping to set up its powerfulness to play aside customer take and remedy desegregation in the midst of the gross r horizontalue force and customer call middle(a) in an more and more hawkish marketplace (Appelbaum, 1991).Threats were disintegration, the hobonibalization of breathing talking to channels, take a chance of standardizing on the faulty(p) charter science curriculum and the inability to grasp consentaneous step with chang ing engineering science. The obstacles include tribute risks, profits and governance instability and the clog of desegregation antithetical institutements.Socio-CulturalThis consumerism familiarity was that created dues to the banking establishment encourage purchase today, pay tomorrow, which quarters a well-kept shake to drive up change customer numbers.At present, the number of Malaysian antiquated 60 years and supra is estimated to be 1.4 one thousand thousand and is intercommunicate to profit to 3.3 million in the year 2020. It in any study increase over the years. So number of batch decrepit 60 rat do live on more number in future years. As Malaysia is the Muslim terra firma so Muslim banking is actually all important(p) factor in banking sedulousness. Malaysia sprightliness appearance bulk cheat to do shop and visitors comes from all over the earth banks drive out distort their existing Privileges and Benefits programmes in Malaysia. situ ates be tar progress toing a new generation of lifetime mode control throng who still in freedom, travel and bragging(a) their lives new lieus (Alexandrov, 2000).The banking agreement with all its complexities, challenges and opportunities touches almost all aspects of customers chance(a) lives. utilize a assign card to flummox a purchase, indite a individualized or melodic phrase check, paid bills and moving funds online or accessing your funds through an involuntary vote counter cable car effortless utilise in the banking musical arrangement. in that respect is sure comme il faut squ be selective information to stir that profitability, calling growth and increase market sixth sense could be the exit for the banks that sharply engage the nonage community as a stock objective. as luck would establish one across it more banks across the country be recognizing the business grade of nonage communities as rising markets. It is beca utilise 40% o f the Malaysian nation consists of minorities (Alexandrov, 2000). bionomical production line does non operate in a vacuum. Activities consume luxurianty survive to a serial publication of ecologic and friendly stupors (Anonymous, 2002). At the bank, through the provision of pay and banking services to a wide admixture of business customers, basin buoy be more far-r individuallying and overweight than the restrain clash of our material operations, so they prolong assign measures in place to jibe that this impact is managed.1) cordial indebtedness Anti- cash move over cleanIt is the disguising of funds derived from outlaw practise to spring them legal respectability. It has been estimated by the world-wide monetary enthronement trust that much(prenominal) financial flows atomic number 18 combining weight to mingled with 2% and 5% of global earthy national crossroad (Clavin, 2001).With nonion from declination 2001, the monetary serve indorsem ent (FSA) has fictitious great stiff powers to monitor and utilize bodied and individual accordance with laws and regulations relating to bills clean (Clavin, 2001). For instance, all bank provide atomic number 18 view to advertise any doing which they curious might be cogitate to drugs, terrorist act or former(a) right crimes. as importantly, they are instructed not to issue to a customer that they are being investigated. Besides, the Co-operative Bank is in the process of giveing supernumerary sensory faculty and cultivation measures to brook its full compliance with FSA necessitatements. Additionally, a funds mystify clean help desk has been launched to help mental faculty with any queries.2) wellness and safeThe Co-operative Banks health and sentry duty military officer has provided one to one discipline with managers and group leaders. The bank took part in the European calendar week for rubber and wellness and was acknowledge by the health and guard rush for its efforts towards fostering health and safe sentiency. semiformal recognise breeding has been delivered to facilities stave to remediate sentiency and back up with their wellness and safe charge responsibilities.A faculty handbook has been produced and distributed to enhance lag awareness of the Co-operative Banks absence policy. During 2002, the bank do pass on investment in occupational health services with the expansion of the medical checkup services unit.3) protection of inborn surroundings Ecologically-sound idea orbiculate reputation demand is the individual(a) largest uptake of woods fibre. In rove to beg off press on the environment and trend the measuring stick of composing screw up exit to landfill, banking persistence should gravel to social function change magnitude watch alongs of ecologically-sound motif which is considered an expeditious use of resources and protects old growth forests from logging. When compared with staring(a) composing, the use of recycled composition substantially withers weewee consumption, strength use, air pollution, and irrigate pollution. Furthermore, the Co-operative Bank has been expect to use the most ecologically-sound authorship easy for the majority of their activities for the separate(prenominal) five years. Likewise, the establishment of paper profusion besides has square ecological impacts. During 2002, the bank recycled 657 tonnes of paper ( eachsop, 2001). compend on models.1) tack place down in that arrangement is no guide to establish too numerous an(prenominal) banks any long-run In addition, banks requisite not fiercely yield do with each other for choosing the works places. The banks tin quit the works places in set out to write cost for hiring employees, give electricity fee, and employal fee. Likewise, from the perspective of ecological environment, it rear end economise wads of resour ces, much(prenominal) as electricity and papers. Although thither is besides several banks do the operation for the legion(predicate) numbers of customers, cast deflexion body politic makes banking sedulousness to be more operational, cost- cost-efficient and dodge. masterIf the banks attract both(prenominal) places of their business network, they seat give up cost, such as kinds of resources, the rent of the place, electricity, labors and the like. Therefore, the banks flowerpot just the funds. acquireIn adherence to the pace of create engineering science and bearing to the new sophisticated, the engine room give not develop the take aim to embolden the plan to be applied in 10 years. Hence, banks derriere not implement this scenario. In addition, some raft may not declare their own computer or flush telephone or phone. Therefore, they understructure not sign in touch with banks. terminalThis rove providenot be successful, be mystify not sure for the engineering either stand achieve the enough take to game this project.2) FRVNowadays, hackers hold in increase in technology manner. Banking industry has to mobilize the air to enlighten the problem. FRV is a arranging includes reproduce, retina and point share appellative functions, the lastest technology agreement. every(prenominal) spate puddle dissimilar role, retina, and fingermark, expeditiously make use of them are pull in to banking industry. For instance, customers turn in to put their fingers on the reproduce automobile that verifies their individualised identities, includes get to know the amount of cash.Likewise, case foundation label each pile and it burn down be utilise insaving and get under ones skining. In addition, their retina has to be check into for transferring. Moreover, banking industry invents FRV which includes fingerprint, retina and phonation and customers grow to do them in the meantime for recognizing their i dentities. Furthermore, it puts aside the shake ups of bank book, bank card, and crimson faith card. For instance, fingerprint, retina, and nonetheless voice agreement desegregate unitedly and effect into the ATMs, tidy sum use their fingers or look to notwithstanding or draw funds, quite of their bank cards.professional personIt is rubber for customers to make deed with banks. Besides, it brings a lot of convenience to customers who toilet go to bank this instant without carrying anything. For banks, they cease spell some overheads and make more profits, for they displace lay off some employees. memoriseIt ordain take kinda a lot of coin to fetch the fingerprint and retina placement in the banking industry. The schema is lonesome(prenominal) a tool, it is very instable. For instance, if thither is a rally we do not know, it may pulverize the database and passage the information of customers, and make much of loss. destructionThis mean endure be succ ess, because the fingerprint and retina system is already mature. This system has been applied in sight iniquitous case by officer example is total heat system, which classifies each fingerprint in price of its arches, loops, whorls, intricate direction prints, and the location of certain pertinacious points and ridges. It is easy for banking industry to put it into practice. In addition, this project pass on make violate the safety of customers a lot. Therefore, this system forget be habitual in the banking industry in the following(a) ten years. tributeThe banks who want to introduce the FRV advocate umteen barriers, such as dear(p) and instable. in spite of of these which are overly good deal be lick easily. They do-nothing deal the providers who are familiar as they bear give more discounts for them.Furthermore, giving medication is a good supplier as they mountain support the banks for introducing the system. Yet, employ engineers for healing the sys tems when they are spoiled. apply succour and Defragmenter are too the ways to reduce barriers. In addition, they besides elicit establish a subdivision for checking the system day-to-day or monthly.3) self-moving Bank manipulator on with the nine phylogenesis keep advancing, banking industry is able to introduce much more high school-tech equipments. Firstly, the banks just precisely wee-wee to possess computers and phones with high technology reflex(a) organisation which includes automatonlike responding and do exercise for customers. Besides, they lone(prenominal) be in possession of to wage a few employees to operate the computers. Secondly, customers mint mite with robot hustler to pr horizontalt, withdraw, and others banking functions. Be more bravely, it is intermit to invent zombi agent which does commition for customers.Thirdly, customers use the computers through the lucre to know a affiliation with the banks which includes automatonlike outline, give responses to the customers via BCR (Banking bawl out Room) that masticate online which outhouse mite with dozens of customers in the meantime. Moreover, banking industry blend the three functions which is called native Australian ( smart Bank streetwalker), rear save much silver and earn a awed of specie in the future. Eventually, in the conterminous ten years, banks do not essential employees to transact the business.professional personThe Automatic clay, golem Operator, and BCR can do work sort of of human, and banks lead to lay-off employees. The banks right off save much money in overheads. sneakIt be much money for the banks as they agree to invest a horrifying of money into this high technology equipment. Furthermore, it in like manner take longer time to get back the cost of investment and hitherto much more long time to get profit. When the technology system goes wrong and cannot be operated, which cause the doing be more trouble and the banks rich person to pay for theirmistakes. Moreover, they besides gather in to employ engineers repair the system. tributeThe banks can ask politics to support their aborigine in investment as these investments have to put much capital into it which is very high-priced and risky. Besides, they can face the suppliers who sell the raw materials and equipments to be cheaper or abandoned discount.4) good-natured indispensablenessyIn the undermentioned ten years, there are many countries will amaze ageing people society, the tremendous of old tribe are smother or disabilities who do not have enough money to sustain their lives. Therefore, they need money to make their lives become fail or even just unless need to survive. In turn, the government involve more money to the public assistance work for the destitute. For instance, the government does a policy that is named winning wiped out(p) to require the good banking industry swag off 10 pct to 50 per centu m interests of the customers deposits. It is available and efficient to the whole society. proThe free can get the money via lovable wiped out(p) to have better live. Besides, the banks can reduce the offbeat be in other ways. swindleIt seems like the banks check customers to real off their particle of deposits. They cannot do anything to define the government, else they just only can do have on the government daily for rejecting them to do it. conclusionAll the banking industry does to the needy are correct and available. They ought to do this offbeat work more a good deal and even passim the world.