Living Proof - State Champs free essay sample

State Champs have immediately gotten one of the key players in the pop-punk recovery happening now. â€Å"Living Proof,† the most recent discharge from the Albany, NY, musical crew further makes sure about State Champs’ place as a backbone in the new pop-punk scene †regardless of whether the record is truly commonplace pop-punk. In any case, common pop-punk is in no way, shape or form a terrible thing; a long way from it, actually. The feature of this collection is the energy that Derek DiScanio carries with his voice on each track. A surprising most loved on the record is â€Å"Time Machine.† This melody adopts a more slow strategy and isn't exactly as pop-punk as a large portion of different tracks. In any case, this permits DiScanio’s voice to be the center, and the enthusiasm and feeling that he brings to the track makes it a champion. The component of Blink-182’s Mark Hoppus is incredible too. The lead single from the collection, â€Å"Dead and Gone,† is suggestive of All Time Low and is another of the best tracks on the collection. We will compose a custom paper test on Living Proof State Champs or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The ensemble is large and appealing and includes some magnificent guitar work by lead guitarist Tyler Szalkowski. I truly welcome the utilization of all the more smooth singling out the refrains, as it offers a decent respite from the typical palm-quieted power harmonies that are so common in popular punk music. Shockingly, I discovered a significant number of the tracks mixing into each other because of their likenesses. This doesn't imply that the tunes are awful, it just implies that the collection all in all can get somewhat tedious, in spite of every melody being generally excellent. A solid suit of State Champs on this record is extraordinary ensembles. The melodies are irresistible and ground-breaking, due to a limited extent to DiScanio’s solid vocal execution. â€Å"Living Proof† is a checked improvement over 2015’s â€Å"Around the World and Back,† It conveys solid melodies and magnificent vocal work, in spite of getting redundant after a full tune in through. State Champs continue improving with each discharge, and I am energized for any new music originating from them.

Principles and implications of scientific management Essays

Standards and ramifications of logical administration Essays Standards and ramifications of logical administration Essay Standards and ramifications of logical administration Essay The start of twentieth century saw significant advancements in designing that permitted, for the primary clasp, mass industry of stocks. At a similar clasp large partnerships were set up requiring a significant work power. The inflow of European migrants combined with the movement of the provincial open to urban parts made up a work power that was dominantly uneducated and untalented. Therefore, coordinating such an incompetent work power brought about wasteful and inefficient organizations. Logical bearing, which includes changing and improving the way endeavors are acted so as to augment work productiveness, was actualized as an answer for these hierarchical occupations. For some, all things considered, the contemplations of logical bearing are believed to be superfluous to our amazingly mechanical propelled society, and thus, it is a heading way that is not, at this point required in the twenty-first century. On the other hand, it has been contended that the standards of logical course can in any case be seen adjusted and executed in grouped parts of worry in this present twenty-four hours and age ( Wilson, 1995 ; Jones, 1997 ) , and consequently executives should at present be perceptive of such a bearing way. Therefore, degree to which chiefs in the twenty-first century despite everything require to be conscious of the principles and findings of logical course will be examined. Frederick Winslow Taylor, in 1911, distributed The Principles of Scientific Management , which clarified that utilizing the logical course technique to concerns could remarkably better specialist productiveness. Before the happening to logical heading, endeavors were done by specific talented workingmans who may hold attempted drawn-out apprenticeships. As a result, conclusions about how endeavors were done in their particular field were made by them ( Rule of Thumb ) . Logical heading expelled such freedom and supplanted it with hindering down gifted procedures into a progression of unsophisticated endeavors that even the incompetent worker could be prepared to execute. In light of these unmistakable wasteful aspects in modern examples, Taylor s logical course depended on specific standards that should have been accomplished so as to build work productiveness, they notwithstanding: 1. Supplanting the old Rule of Thumb framework with demonstrated logically considered work strategies, in this manner expanding productivity. 2. Logical decision and planning of each specialist to make normalized monotonous endeavors ( deskilling ) rather than go forthing them to create themselves. In this manner, resulting in improved productiveness and nature of the fabricated merchandise because of assignment rehash. 3. Guarantee that the logically evolved strategies are trailed by checking and teaming up with laborers 4. Work is to be isolated similarly among laborers and chiefs, thus, executives plan logical course governs are applied to be aftering the work by executives, however laborers are the 1s that do the endeavors. This non only purposes a division of work yet applies the control of the chief over the laborers. The previously mentioned rules were presented and executed in arranged partnerships resulting in expanded productiveness. One such outline was when Taylor was utilized to all the more likely work techniques at the Bethlehem Iron Company in 1898. Until so each hoard Fe creature coach, on standard, were replenishing 12.5 metric huge amounts of impact heaters stock per twenty-four hours. Via convey oning logical trials partner to the ideal occasions for raising and resting, Taylor had the option to all the more likely weight by hoard Fe creature mentors to 47.5 metric tons per twenty-four hours, raising productiveness fourfold and expanding laborers compensations by 60 % as an inspirational instigation. As a result up to $ 80,000 savings were accomplished per annum. Moreover, this assault included the representatives taking requests and along these lines surrendering their way of making the occupation and supplanting it with Taylors techniques ( Kanigel, 1997, p 214 ) , one of the prima ry outlines of alining the signs of the laborers with those of the executives. It was other than during this period that Taylor noticed that cash is an essential inspiration factor thus laborers should be paid overabundance in adjustment to their final result and given fillips for making or rising above imprints. The musings of Taylor s logical review were grown more remote by Gilbreth, an applied researcher and chief like Taylor. While Taylor concentrated his going to on cut Gilbreth concentrated on the signals of endeavors. In his examinations Gilbreth s utilized cameras to picking up control and break down the motions of bricklayers. From there on, by updating and doing the movements of laborers to be progressively effective he had the option to build finished result from 120 to 350 blocks for each hr. Henry Ford was someone else who adjusted the guidelines of logical heading to creating Ford vehicles. Preceding the execution of logical heading, talented skilled workers were required to deliver the vehicles resulting in cluster creation of Fords. Henry Ford, all things considered, motorized the endeavors by introducing an individual goal machine to deliver normalized parts. Moreover, Ford took the entangled endeavors of manufacture vehicles and gap them into a lot less difficult normalized endeavors that made up a sequential construction system. Fordism non simply killed the interest of talented laborers, however took into consideration the effective large scale manufacturing of products. With the distribution of Taylors chip away at logical course, a century back, the request should be asked for what good reason is this heading way still pertinent even today? The answer may hold to make with actuality that, whenever followed right, Taylorism can altogether affect productiveness and effectiveness of an enterprise, factors that are as yet of import in the twenty-first century. One of the central representations of logical course in use in the twenty-first century is McDonalds, a quick supplement eating house worry that has spread around the world. Parts of Fordist, Taylorism and Gillbreth bearing habits can be seen in McDonalds. Ritzers Mcdonaldization, a proposal got from Braverman, takes a gander at how the work powers in these eating houses have been deskilled, and subsequently, endeavors have been disentangled. The meat is chief flame broiled fitting to nitty gritty and exact directions, trailed by the extra of boodle and sauces and so forth, in this manner making a proficient creation line with people holding an exceptional capacity in the creation of a McDonalds repast. Moreover, additional features of the normalized administration, for example, cooking times, drink gadgets and pre-customized hard cash vaults non only limit the clasp to complete such endeavors however forestall watchfulness or innovativeness, by the laborer, that would be counterprod uctive to rules of logical heading of productivity and control and so on. Proof of Gilbreths contemplations are other than present here as the format of McDonalds kitchens place all hardware, supplement and so on at the fingertips of representatives thus keeping away from unneeded activities ( signals ), for example, to the next terminal of gobbling house to move up a point. Thusly, such heading procedures which ensure proficiency and productiveness play an of import work in Mcdonalds that others have contended have prompted Mcdonalds going the biggest eating house link known to mankind ( Peters and Waterman 1982, p. 173-174 ) . In a similar bit of McDonaldi zation, general stores are a more remote representation of the adjustment of logical bearing in the twenty-first century. There is an away from of work with representatives with impossible to miss capacities, for example, stacking racks, overseeing questions and checking stocks at the hard cash library. Call Centers are another delineation of where features of logical bearing can in any case be watched. This was predominantly obvious from surveies directed in 2004, which found that the plan and activity of call Centers were in accordance with Taylorism. Name Centers were for the most part regulated including the clasp accepted per call, regardless of whether a proper and proficient help was given each piece great as in numerous cases the exhortation given being scripted. Moreover, a significant number of the administrators were prepared to cover with only explicit features of inquiries which they were appointed orchestrating to an old achievement set examination. Downplaying costs was other than a cardinal issue in readiness, similarly as with the high staff turnover it was of import to confine discernment request to let laborers to be conventionally prepared each piece in the blink of an eye as could be expected under the circumstances. Such techniques are in similarity with the pr inciples of Taylorism of supplanting the guideline of pollex and experimentally picking and creating people. Name Centers were other than found to follow the compensation arrangement of Taylorism where pay is comparative with the level of final result, as representatives were given an essential compensation with board in the event that they dealt with a deal and with fillips given if everyday or hebdomadal imprints were met. The Television communicate medium industry is another delineation of the use of logical course in the twenty-first century. Surveies did by McKinley and Quinn ( 1999 ) took a gander at the changes in the Television communicate medium because of innovative advancements during the 1980s. Program doing gear, until along these lines, was undependable and fragile, requiring unchanging checking each piece great as talented administrators. Along these lines, only experienced laborers kept up and worked the gear, for example, cameras. From that point, with the creation of a

RA deadline Q A

RA deadline Q A Hello, dear RA applicants! Its almost winter break and you are trying to finish up all your applications when youd rather be hanging out. We understand and want this process to be as painless as possible! Here are the most important things to keep in mind as you wrap your MIT application: Regular Action applications should be submitted by 11:59pm Eastern Time on January 1. *NEW* If you are having trouble submitting Part 2, please go to the bottom of each page of the document, select save and continue through the entire document and resubmit. We find this fixes most submission problems. Your school/teachers may submit their materials after the deadline. We are much more flexible and understanding with teachers and schools. Your recommendations do not need to be in our office by January 1. They can arrive and be processed well after this date and you will still be fine. Please note that materials only need to be “sent” to MIT, not “processed,” by the January 1 deadline. Please allow 10-14 days for the processing of all submitted materials. Items are not posted directly to your MyMIT account from Naviance or the ApplyWithUs site. Materials requested through ApplyWithUs but sent to MIT through Naviance, fax or mail will not appear as submitted on the ApplyWithUs site. Check your MyMIT account to follow the progress of your application (You must submit Part 1 to enable tracking). Again, please allow 10-14 business days for processing of all materials at this busy time. Interview reports are still coming in. If your interview was conducted 2 or more weeks ago and you want to let us know, you can submit an Interview Conducted Form in MyMIT so we know to follow up with your interviewer. If you have not had an interview, please note that the deadline for scheduling an interview has passed. Slideroom portfolios need to be submitted by the January 1 deadline. Like your other recommendations, it is okay if the recommendation is processed after the first. Once you submit your application, you will not be able to go back to make changes to Part 1 or 2. The last test date for RA applications is the January test date. Any tests taken after January will not reach us in time to review with your application. If you do not have a full set of scores, your application will still be reviewed in a holistic manner. Our office will be closed December 24th through the 28th. You can email us or post questions to this blog. Note that because of the holiday, responses may be delayed. I will check this blog periodically through the week, and will be with you on the 31st most of the day. January 2, 2017 update: We have been experiencing some technical issues with submitting Part 2. Dont panic. You can still submit your application. Having a technical issue will not disqualify your app to us in anyway. Email us and we will help you figure out what is wrong. Thank you so much for joining this crazy application ride with us! SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave Post Tagged #FAQs #Regular Action

Compare and Contrast Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of...

Compare and Contrast Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception both suggest that eye-retina is important for perception. The both believe that without eye-retina, a person will not be able to see. This is a common view of both of the theories of perception. The idea is supported by the case of SB. SB was a man who had been blind from birth due to cataracts. When he was 52, he had an operation which restored his sight and hence he could see. Thus, this case has shown the importance of eye-retina for things to be perceived. And therefore, supports both of theories of perception which eye-retina is essential for perception. Gibson believes in the direct theories of perception which†¦show more content†¦It may be that a genetic predisposition to perception exists, but that situational factors also have to be in place for it to develop. Apart from the above, there are a few more differences between Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception. Gregory believes that additional processing is required for perception which some forms of background knowledge is needed to make sense of the environment than just the sensory input while Gibson believes that perception is part of an inbuilt adaptive mechanism for survival which does not rely on stored knowledge or past experience. Gregory believes that expectations have an impact on perceptions which Gibson disagrees. There is empirical evidence supporting the idea of Gregory, and this comes from a study carried out by Simons and Levin. 50% of the participants failed to realise that there was a switch of people. This is probably due to the fact that the participants had not expected a change of person. Hence, they were unable to perceive it. Furthermore, a study carried out by Selfridge also supports the idea of Gregory. Selfridge’s study demonstrates that our perceptions are mediated by our expectations as people are able to read the figures as ‘’the cat’’. This is because people have the expectations of the cat as they are words in common usage. These studies have shown that people saw what they have been

Essay on Lady Macbeth A Dynamic Character - 1253 Words

In our society, as a rule, the man is the head of the household. However, in Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth appears to be the neck that turns the head. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers in history, but he wasn’t recognized until the nineteenth century. He wrote many plays, sonnets, plays, and narrative plays. It was during the sixteenth century that he wrote the tragedy of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth, wife to the protagonist Macbeth, is one of Shakespeare’s most famous and evil female characters. At the start of the play, Lady Macbeth is ruthless, ambitious, cruel, and manipulative; however, by the end of the play she becomes insane and helpless. The transformation of these characteristics makes Lady Macbeth a very dynamic†¦show more content†¦v. 40-54). She is asking the gods to take away her feminine side so she can kill Duncan without remorse, as a man should. With her determined ambition she influences Macbeth to become ambitious hims elf and to be courageous and kill Duncan. Later in the play, with his newfound ambition, he makes plans to kill the Macduff family on his own. â€Å"Lady Macbeth tutors her husband in the arts of deceit† (Kemp 95). She tells him to â€Å"bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue: look like th’ innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t† (Shakespeare I. v. 63-65). She also portrays the perfect hostess. Duncan praises Lady Macbeth for being an â€Å"honour’d hostess† and a â€Å"fair and noble hostess† (Shakespeare I. vi. 10, 24). She drugs the guards who protect Duncan’s bedchamber by bringing them tainted wine. Lady Macbeth, unable to kill Duncan because he resembles his father, has Macbeth to murder him instead. After the deed is done, Lady Macbeth plays to be distraught over the King’s death. Later, following the murders of Duncan and Banquo, Macbeth acknowledges his wife as hostess, and she welcomes the thanes who have gathered after being summoned to acknowledge Macbeth as their new king (Kemp 95). Lady Macbeth is a master at manipulation. She tantalizes him [Macbeth] with his own self-image as a man who dares anything, for whom no limits of any kind exist (Bloom 39). Macbeth is afraid of the consequences ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Blood In Macbeth766 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s most bloody work, Macbeth portrays its plot perfectly: Macbeth’s bloody rise to power and his tragic downfall. Throughout the play, the symbolism of blood advances this plot. We are introduced to Macbeth as a brave soldier without flaw, but he soon becomes consumed with achieving his â€Å"fated† future. From the moment Macbeth murdered Duncan, the symbolism of blood represents throughout the play his conscience, his dynamic character change, and his and Lady Macbeth’s guilt. Both beforeRead More Darkness and the Agents of Chaos in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pages In Macbeth William Shakespeare employs his skills in imagery and symbolism.   The landscape of Macbeth reveals the contours of the title characters psychological turmoil.   Churning with self-doubt about his determination, his ability to connect word and act, and his sexual potency, Macbeth is a man at the mercy of his environment.   The inability to sleep is symbolic of a tormented soul and represents a characters control over their lives.   The imagery of darkness in Act 4 is used to describeRead MoreLady Macbeth Character Analysis1057 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeth: If we look at the stage time Lady Macbeth’s character gets throughout the play, we cannot be consider her to be marginalised. Appearing in about 10 scenes, she has a great number of powerful, memorable monologues and is for all intents and purposes, the female protagonist. It is however the changes her character goes through that classifes her as marginalised. Her character is the one undergoing the greatest transformation. She begins the play with full strength and a dominating personalityRead MoreMacbeth Comparative Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power Couple Macbeth Comparative Essay Word Count: 1147 In Western culture today, it is a widely accepted fact that men and women have equal power in a marriage; whereas in Elizabethan times, a woman was dominated by her husband and she would have very little control over her life. The leading omnipotent couple in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth have a compelling marriage with a power dynamic that is beyond the boundaries set by society at the time in which he wrote the play. The directorsRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis919 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s uses of dynamic characters show no boundaries to showcase a deeper understanding of his characters in his play Macbeth. The main characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth decline over time in the play to show how complex the characters are. Macbeth establishes his position to be a warrior hero who defeats the King of Norway, yet he turns ambitious for more than the Thane of Cawdor with his desire for greater power. Controversial to Lady Macbeth, her desire for pow er from the startRead MoreAnalysis Of Lady Macbeth : Hungry For AFruitless Crown942 Words   |  4 Pagestragedy of Macbeth is a story of greed and lust for personal gain that is still seen frequently today, for it is human nature. It’s seen in many instances, such as power-hungry politicians with corrupt practices or even teenagers that bully to gain social status. Lady Macbeth possesses these same qualities throughout the story, and it’s evident from the very start when the fate witches tell their prophecies to the time of Macbeth’s downfall. During all of this, it’s clear that Lady Macbeth is the oneRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, The Dynamic Of The Macbeths Relationship1418 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily, significant others, or people outside of the private life. Relationships can be toxic, healthy, and some are an odd mixture of both, creating a strange power complex. In Shakespeare s Macbeth, the dynamic of the Macbeths relationship is an exa mple of one of those strange mixed relationships. These dynamics can also be seen in real world couples, such as King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. All of human existence revolves around relationships, or the lack thereof. Relationships can makeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - A Man Without Ethics Is A Wild Beast Loosed Upon This World1286 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept in his renowned work, Macbeth. In this play, Shakespeare primarily uses the characters of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and Banquo to warn of the dangers of a loss of morality. Closer to Camus s time, the 1998 film A Simple Plan uses strikingly similar techniques to exhibit the same concept. It too, uses its main characters- Hank, Sarah, and Jacob- to warn of this ambition-fuelled corruption of morality. Through juxtaposing the significant actions the main characters of each work make, it is clearlyRead MoreShakespeare s Macbeth - Ambition1585 Words   |  7 PagesAmbition in Macbeth Ambition is a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. In Williams Shakespeare s Macbeth the characters Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have a strong desire to ascend the throne and they are determined to do whatever it takes in order to achieve this goal, including deceiving and killing those they are closest to. The zeal of ambition predominately persuades both characters actions in Macbeth. Lady Macbeth portrays how the forcesRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesWithin Shakespeare’s Macbeth, themes of inner disorder are woven frequently throughout the play. The audience is shown how powerful exterior influences can contribute heavily to said turmoil. During the plot of the play, Macbeth suffers a tragic deterioration of his sanity and life entirely. This downfall is credited to many factors, such as the guilt Macbeth suffers following his murders. However, Macbeth’s miseries are shown to be a result of his wife’s constant persistence. Within the chosen passage

Understanding Leadership Styles Free Essays

Understanding leadership styles within an organisation Set out here the various leadership styles ie Alimo Metcalfe The engaging leadership model. Also add afew more . The set the scene for LBE Ethos for leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Leadership Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Followed by my own style of management and what impact that as on the team. This assignment will firstly address the meaning of leadership, followed The Leadership role is said to be â€Å"the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people† (Us Army handbook 1973Miltary Leadership) There are said to be three styles of leadership, 1, Authoritarian or Autocratic , Participative or democratic 3, Delegative or free reign Good leaders are said to use all three styles of leadership, with one being more dominate than the others. Leaders that tend not to be good at their role tend to use only one style. Authoritarian This style is used when the leader tells an employee what she/he wants done and how of this method is when you have all the information to solve the problem but there is little time and the employees are well motivated. This style should only be used on rare occasions. This can be used if staff needs to be instructed to complete a piece of work. Participative This leadership style involves the leader and one or more employee, in the decision making. However it is the leader that makes the final decision. This method is used when the leader has part of the information and the employees have the other. The leader does not have to know everything; hence the employee being a knowledgeable and skilful employee could assist the leader. Using this style is of a mutual benefit, as it allows the employee to feel part of a team and allows the leader to make better decisions. This style of managing is useful if you wish the staff to be involved in the decision making and allows the staff to be part of the team. It also enables the managers to utilise the skills, experience and expertise within the team. Delegative In this style the leader allows the employee to make the decision. The leader however remains responsible for the decisions that are made. This method can be used when the employees are able to analyse the situation and decides what is to e done and how to do it, it allows for the leader to set priorities and delegate certain tasks. This should be used when there is full trust and confidence in the employee. The forces that influence the style to be used are: * How much time is available * Are relationship based on respect and trust or on disrespect and mistrust. * Who has the information * How well employees are trained and how well they know the task. * Internal conflicts Stress levels * Type of task i. e. structured, unstructured, complicated, or simple. * Laws or established procedures. In using this style of managing is what you would want to have within your team, but this would be dependant on the member of staff, their skills, experience and whether they can be trusted to carry out their task. The London Borough of Enfield has devised a document called the â€Å"Councils Leadership Competencies Framework, which describes the competencies and levels that they want their leaders to aspire to. The framework has been developed to reflect the council’s ethos and the major changes that are to take place within the council, with a shrinking budget and resources and an ever more rising demands on our services. The model that the council promotes is one that gives leaders the opportunity to analyses their leadership roles and responsibility. The London Borough of Enfield has thirteen competencies within the framework. These are arranged in four clusters, Personal Resources, Core Behaviours, Leadership and Technical and Professionals Skills. There is an expectation that as managers we will adopt this style of leadership. Views a How to cite Understanding Leadership Styles, Papers

Understanding Leadership Styles Free Essays

Understanding leadership styles within an organisation Set out here the various leadership styles ie Alimo Metcalfe The engaging leadership model. Also add afew more . The set the scene for LBE Ethos for leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Leadership Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Followed by my own style of management and what impact that as on the team. This assignment will firstly address the meaning of leadership, followed The Leadership role is said to be â€Å"the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people† (Us Army handbook 1973Miltary Leadership) There are said to be three styles of leadership, 1, Authoritarian or Autocratic , Participative or democratic 3, Delegative or free reign Good leaders are said to use all three styles of leadership, with one being more dominate than the others. Leaders that tend not to be good at their role tend to use only one style. Authoritarian This style is used when the leader tells an employee what she/he wants done and how of this method is when you have all the information to solve the problem but there is little time and the employees are well motivated. This style should only be used on rare occasions. This can be used if staff needs to be instructed to complete a piece of work. Participative This leadership style involves the leader and one or more employee, in the decision making. However it is the leader that makes the final decision. This method is used when the leader has part of the information and the employees have the other. The leader does not have to know everything; hence the employee being a knowledgeable and skilful employee could assist the leader. Using this style is of a mutual benefit, as it allows the employee to feel part of a team and allows the leader to make better decisions. This style of managing is useful if you wish the staff to be involved in the decision making and allows the staff to be part of the team. It also enables the managers to utilise the skills, experience and expertise within the team. Delegative In this style the leader allows the employee to make the decision. The leader however remains responsible for the decisions that are made. This method can be used when the employees are able to analyse the situation and decides what is to e done and how to do it, it allows for the leader to set priorities and delegate certain tasks. This should be used when there is full trust and confidence in the employee. The forces that influence the style to be used are: * How much time is available * Are relationship based on respect and trust or on disrespect and mistrust. * Who has the information * How well employees are trained and how well they know the task. * Internal conflicts Stress levels * Type of task i. e. structured, unstructured, complicated, or simple. * Laws or established procedures. In using this style of managing is what you would want to have within your team, but this would be dependant on the member of staff, their skills, experience and whether they can be trusted to carry out their task. The London Borough of Enfield has devised a document called the â€Å"Councils Leadership Competencies Framework, which describes the competencies and levels that they want their leaders to aspire to. The framework has been developed to reflect the council’s ethos and the major changes that are to take place within the council, with a shrinking budget and resources and an ever more rising demands on our services. The model that the council promotes is one that gives leaders the opportunity to analyses their leadership roles and responsibility. The London Borough of Enfield has thirteen competencies within the framework. These are arranged in four clusters, Personal Resources, Core Behaviours, Leadership and Technical and Professionals Skills. There is an expectation that as managers we will adopt this style of leadership. Views a How to cite Understanding Leadership Styles, Papers

Scream 3 Soundtrack free essay sample

The soundtrack to the final chapter of theScream trilogy has the two elements most expected from a horror moviescore: terror and intensity. Creed, executive producers of the album, contributestwo songs that are substantially lighter in comparison to the others, but includetheir dynamic hit single, What If. Many tracks will appeal to fansof hardcore rock. Slipknots most recent single, Wait and Bleed, is thebest song I have heard in the last year not performed by one of my favoritebands. The three percussionists add emotion and intensity to the bands horrificcacophony that somehow turns out spectacular. Melody and fierceness aresimultaneously exhibited in Crawl, by Staind. Dopes Debonairedemonstrates the characteristic intensity and political opinions that have earnedthem tours with Limp Bizkit and Powerman 5000. The latter contributes a song,Get On, Get Off, that is typical of what lead singer Spider has calledtheir heavy metal space disco. The most unique song is probablySo Real by Static-X. We will write a custom essay sample on Scream 3 Soundtrack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It blends metal with dance music to create a songhardrock fans could actually enjoy hearing at an average dance party. Thisalbum features bands currently dominating mainstream rock. System of a Down (whocontributes their new single Spiders), Orgy, Incubus, innovativespooky-core act Coal Chamber, Sevendust, Fuel and Godsmack are all reasons topurchase the soundtrack. Perhaps the best reason, however, is to hearScream star David Arquette trying to be a musician with his band Ear2000.This humorous attempt is a pleasant intermission from the abundant horror. If theScream trilogy seems too much of a parody of horror movies to actuallyfrighten you, youll surely appreciate being scared by the soundtracksextraordinary intensity.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT Woman S

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET WOMEN: A Chemical Analysis ELEMENT: Woman SYMBOL: WO DISCOVERER Adam ATOMIC MASS: Accepted as 118 lbs, known to vary from 110 to 550 lbs. OCCURRENCE: Copious quantities throughout the world. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Surface usually covered with a painted film. 2. Boils at nothing, freezes without reason. 3. Melts if given special treatment. 4. Bitter if incorrectly used. 5. Found in various states ranging from virgin metal to common ore. 6. Yields to pressure applied to correct points. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: 1. Has great affinity for gold, silver, platinum and precious stones. 2. Absorbs great quantities of expensive substances. 3. May explode without prior warning and for no known reason. 4. Insoluble in liquids, but activity greatly increased by alcohol. 5. Most powerful money-reducing agent known to man. COMMON USES: 1. Highly ornamental, especially in sports cars. 2. Can be a great aid to relaxation. TESTS: 1. Pure specimen turns rosy pink when discovered in natural state. 2. Turns green when placed beside a better specimen. HAZARDS: 1. Highly dangerous except in experienced hands. 2. Illegal to possess more than one at a time.

Role of Criminal Justice System and Illicit Drugs. essays

Role of Criminal Justice System and Illicit Drugs. essays There is considerable debate about the role that the Criminal Justice system should play in the control of illicit drug use (Study Guide 1001CCJ 2003, p.69). The Australian drug policy currently operates within a prohibition model, which states that the production, distribution and use of illicit drugs are criminal offences (Cherney s drug problem, and there seems little doubt that combinations such as law enforcement, medicalisation and harm minimisation based alternatives will be the drug policy of the future. To begin, however, a brief description of the historical origins of prohibition is offered, followed by a review of the criminal justice systems goals in dealing with the control of illicit drugs. The prohibition of illicit drugs originated from a variety of reasons in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These included political economical, public health considerations as well as pressures from medical and moral groups (Study Guide 1001CCJ 2003, p.69). The rationale behind toughening illicit drug use in the 1960s and 1970s was, and continues to be primarily deterrence (Makkai 2000, p.64). De...

The importance of music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The importance of music - Essay Example I have wanted to learn to play an instrument and had actually taken up piano lessons and guitar lessons but I never quite stuck to it. Nevertheless, without having produced music personally, I continue to love it as a part of my existence. Being part of some school recital where I have to belt out a few short tunes, much to my shame is unavoidable when I was younger. I find nothing wrong in admitting that when I was younger I am a fan of popular music that included boy bands and teen stars. For a while I had been among those die-hard fans that had pictures of singers on their desktop page. Even to this day, I have moments when I enjoy the simple pleasures of listening to One Direction, Katy Perry or Taylor Swift. I actually do have in my play list Story of my Life, Dark Horse, and White Horses, respectively just to name a few. My preference in music is an indication of my diverse personality. I believe that music, like our mood and feelings, changes from day to day and as we grow up. But there will always be artists who will remain with us throughout. When I am having a really good day and I just have that feeling of wanting to dance, I would play something by Zedd like Clarity or Stay the Night, mixing that in with some songs like Levels or Silhouettes by Avicii. I love these songs because though they are house music and are particularly heard on backdrops of clubs and dance parties, listening to the lyrics actually brings out the depth of the songs and the composition actually makes them more interesting.

Sense Making and sustainability in Petroleum industry Dissertation

Sense Making and sustainability in Petroleum industry - Dissertation Example The emergence of globalization along with a fast information exchange and cross cultural amalgamation has led business dynamics to incorporate several new aspects within it (Weiss et al, 2008, p.377). No doubt, the companies are making new ventures in foreign territories for optimizing their profit port folios, but the social and environmental aspects of international productions form a crucial part which forms the main trajectory of several new aspects as stated above. Relying only on maximizing profits and generating mammoth revenues will fetch only short run gains with dynamic decline. In order to become a dominant player in this globalised market with a goodwill establishment, the companies have to first of all become good corporate citizens. They have to incorporate the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with various codes of conduct which will ensure socially responsible business practices within the business and its overseas as well as domestic operations. But app lying the attributes of CSR is not at all an easy task. Several challenges are faced by the management of companies in its proper implementation and maintaining the proper code of conduct. Geographical, economical, legal, cultural and political barriers act as hindrances in the proper implementation of CSR policies. Adverse conditions like agency problems, moral hazard, corruption and malpractices creep into the system which results in non compliance of the rules and regulation implementation and leads to sub optimal results.... Geographical, economical, legal, cultural and political barriers act as hindrances in the proper implementation of CSR policies. Adverse conditions like agency problems, moral hazard, corruption and malpractices creep into the system which results in non compliance of the rules and regulation implementation and leads to sub optimal results. In case of non compliance the initiator will face negative customer sanctions, capital loss, damaged brand values and so on (Pedersen & Andersen, 2006, p. 228). The oil industry bears a historical trend of malpractices, corruption and violent activities (Beri & Sinha, 2009). The prime agenda with oil is that it is generally scarce and the companies have a tendency to explore it wherever it is available. Thus in the oil companies, there has been a natural trend in participating within a global business paradigm and the emergence of CSR practices becomes a more robust parameter in conducting business in an ethical manner (Spence, 2011, pp.59-60). Hi gh vulnerability comes in short term and long term ways. In the short term, there may occur natural hazards like that of oil spills as well as improper sewage of excess natural gas and so on. The long term vulnerabilities include social risks like poorly paid labor, inadequately maintained equipment and threat to the indigenous people at stake facing atrocities and negligence and in some cases they are even killed (Multiple uses of the coastal zone, n.d.). Thus the historical evidences backed by this obnoxious phenomenon have urged the oil and gas TNCs (Transnational Corporations) to play a pioneering role in developing strong leadership roles in the development of good corporate practices as well as rules of behavior in the place of work and engagements in diverse

Crisis And Risk Management In Organizations Management Essay

Crisis And Risk Management In Organizations Management Essay Chapter 3 is a literature review to help develop an understanding on the importance of business continuity as a process of counteracting organizational crises, which is at the forefront of this study. The Chapter is structured as follows: Section 3.2 discusses crisis management and risk management in organizations, to present a clearer picture of the terminologies. Next, the chapter provides the reader with background knowledge on business continuity management, its importance, and highlights some organizational approaches used in managing risk and crisis, including scenario planning. Finally, the chapter discusses planning as an effective BCM process, and strategic planning in a turbulent environment with the aim of clearly identifying the significance of business continuity in organizations. In an attempt to define crisis management, it is imperative that the term crisis is first explained. Coombs (1999: 2) define crisis as an event that is unpredictable and a major threat that can have an adverse effect on an organization, industry, or its stakeholders if improperly handled. Similarly, other authors such as Martinelli and Briggs (1998) conceptualize crisis as a turning point, and argue that it is an opportunity for organizations to show their commitment to responsible behaviour (p. 44). Regester (1987: 38) also acknowledges that crisis often represents turning points in organizational life as they present opportunities to establish a reputation for competence, to shape the organization and to tackle important issues. It is an unpredictable major event that is a threat to an organization or its stakeholders (Goel, 2009: 25). Other scholars such as Curtin et al., (2005: 3) identify crisis to be of three kinds; those which befalls a company e.g. chemical spillage or plane crash, those that are manufactured, and those that escalate from an accident. 3.2.2 Defining Crisis Management Crises Management is all about taking charge of a crisis situation before it engulfs the company. As suitable planning is fundamental to corporate survival in the event of a crisis, crisis management involves proper handling of a crisis after it occurs. The theory of crisis management has witnessed a steady evolution in the last twenty years. Early phases of this evolution includes a six step crises model by Littlejohn (1983: 13) (structure design, selection of crisis team, training team members, crisis situation auditing, contingency planning, managing the crisis); Finks (1986) seminal four stage model (the prodromal stage, the crisis breakout or acute stage, the chronic stage and resolution stage); Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt (1995) four phase model for crisis management (planning-prevention, issues management, the actual crisis and the aftermath of the crisis); Augustine (1995) six stage of crisis management (identifying the crisis, avoiding the crises, containing the crisis, prepa ring to manage the crises, resolving the crisis and benefitting from the crisis). Augustine points out that for every crisis, there are seeds of success and roots of failure embedded within it and the ability to find, cultivate and manage the possible success is the basis of crisis management. In theory, the debate between scholars of crisis management is mainly about how crisis is defined. Comfort (1988) divides the process of crisis management into preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery phases. Another interesting crisis management model was formulated by Boin et al., (2005). The authors based their model on four important challenges managers face during the process of crisis management sense-making, decision making, terminating and learning. In spite of these, many scholars of crisis and disaster management still seem to focus more on the triggers, causes or effects rather than how these incidents are actually managed by stakeholders, decision makers and the organizations (Mitroff and Pauchant, 1990). 3.3 Crisis and Risk Management in Organizations Organizational crisis have been defined by various scholars even though there is not one universally accepted definition (Simola, 2005). Pearson and Clair (1998) define organizational crisis as a high impact low probability incident that threatens organizational viability. Crises can potentially cause damage to an organization, and if not properly managed, can become disasters. Mistakes can very quickly rise from just a little operational issue to a stage that threatens survival (Mittelstaedt, 2004). Therefore, organizations that properly prepare and plan for the future are more likely to succeed (Regester and Larkin, 2005). Fink et al., (2005) points out that to survive in a rapidly changing world, many organizations must recognize and forecast their surrounding environment to enable them develop awareness to the risks that may affect their businesses and strategic directions. Theres little chance for organizations to respond and recover when unforeseen events happen. Therefore, in the likely event of a crisis or disaster, an organizations level of preparedness and capability of resuming its regular business operations are thought to be amongst the major goals of senior management (Hanson, 2006). In crisis management, organizations play a crucial role (Clarke, 1999). Carley and Harrald (1997:310) note that organizations should react to disasters by reducing the impact of the disaster but in practice, organizations are often the ones that cause crises (Roux-Dufort, 2007). Organizational blueprints fail to balance the possible damaging effects of organizational production (Perrow, 2007) as scholars of organizational management are more often into organizational structure, design and culture, rather than managing and learning from unusual events (Pauchant and Mitroff, 1992). Egbuji (1999) introduce risk management as a corporate approach to deal with the security threats facing an organization in an attempt to protect its resources and its assets. There are some advantages of risk management. According to Peart (2006), risk management facilitates future anticipation and improves uncertainty control as it entails carefully analyzing possible future organizational risks, and developing actions to counteract the risks. The Association of Insurance and Risk Managers (2002) lay emphasis on a calculated approach to risk management and state that risk management should be thought of as a value-adding process linked to strategy since it has the possibility to improve decision making and protect assets. 3.3.1 Scenario Planning In an era of rapid change, scenario planning is the practice of planning for different future alternatives, with the aim of mitigating or reducing the risk of getting bombarded by unforeseen incidents or being unprepared for it (Bishop et al., 2007). Kachaner and Deimler (2008) argue that organizations that implement scenario planning will most likely deal with future uncertainty and risk more efficiently than those that do not make use of it. As Pollard and Hotho (2006) describe, the idea of scenario planning is to make long range flexible plans by figuring out the impact and nature of the most questionable driving forces that affect the world and shapes business environments i.e. economic, political, environmental and technological trends. According to Barber (2006) scenario planning is used by some leading organizations such as Shell and General Electric to analyse the various trends and forces that may impact the organization. Scenario planning helps create a linkage between the past and the future by addressing scenarios through strategic planning. Barber (2006) note that Shells scenario planning teams use scenario planning to identify weak signals or signs that will likely have an impact on their business. Methods of scenario planning include imagination, multiple perspectives and strategic thinking and in todays environment, its use in the planning process is an important strategy to deal with numerous uncertainties (Neilson and Stouffer, 2005: 26). Scenario planning can be developed for any future period. In the 1970s, Shell Group initiated the scenario planning and the corporation builds scenarios every three years for up to a twenty year period; others may project fifteen, ten or a five year period (Scott-Martinet, 2006). In hypothetical situations, scenario planning is useful for planners to see how an event may impact the organization. Planning out a scenario can also show the multiple ways in which various components fit together. Planning for the future in any organization is important, as without planning, resources may not be available when needed (Scott-Martinet, 2006). Hodgson Tait (1996: 3) argue that planning has traditionally followed a comparatively linear approach (i.e. projecting future needs based on current activities). For organizations that have a commitment to this default scenario, the future is drastically altered when they experience crises, as it becomes difficult to adapt or change. With scenario planning therefore, organizations can recognize future threats and deal with them before crises happen. Scenario planning can also be utilized in other disaster situations and can most likely help with mitigation, preparedness and prevention efforts if appropriate strategies are embraced. After scenario analysis and development, the organization can then implement strategies to steer towards a survivable future (Hodgson Tait, 1996) Scenario planning can also be used in emergency management to assist corporations in viewing and understanding itself in a new dimension, and to effectively plan more for the future (Alexander, 2002: 2). Previous crises and best speculations about the future have generally provided evidence for contingency planners to take decisions about the future (Wilkinson, 1994: 5). Nonetheless, by implementing the method of scenario futuring, planners can discuss or document various likely organizational futures, and by exploring these possible futures, scenario planners may acquire knowledge about fundamental issues, forces and trends (Wilkinson, 1994). 3.4 Business Continuity Management (BCM) Due to its widespread nature, the manner in which business continuity management is implemented will inevitably depend on the nature, complexity and scale of an organizations risk profile and the environment in which it operates. It is also safe to presume that as organizations are never in full control of their business surroundings, all organizations will experience a business crisis and continuity event at some point (Shaw, 2004). It is therefore important to explore the various functions and functional areas that support the management of crisis events and continuity of business operations, their inter-dependencies, and the factors that will help co-ordinate these functions and functional areas into a comprehensive and integrated programme. Business Continuity Management (BCM) has been described in many ways. However, there is not a generally accepted definition (Smit, 2005). BCM is defined by the Business Continuity Institute as the act of predicting events that will affect the organizations mission-critical processes and functions, and ensure that it reacts to any event in a rehearsed and planned way (Gallagher, 2003). The goals of BCM also include making sure there is continuity of critical functions and business operations in all circumstances, foreseeing organizational risks, crises and disasters before they occur, and ensuring fast and efficient response to crises Figure 3: Framework for Business Continuity Management Source: The British Standard for Business Continuity Management, 2006 According to Herbane et al., (2004) and Gibb and Buchanan (2006), BCM involves identifying with an organizations needs, recognizing and managing risks that may interrupt the critical functions of a business, and ensuring effective recovery and business continuity in the event of unanticipated occurrences. BCM assists an organization in mapping out future worst case scenarios and how promptly the organization can restore its normal operations in the aftermath of a crisis. (Hayes, 2004) is of the opinion that BCM should be a major responsibility of top management as BCM aims to ensure lasting survival of the entire organization. Several authors including Gallagher (2003), Herbane et al., (2004), Pitt and Goyal (2004), and Elliott et al., (2010), have debated on the evolution of BCM. In the 1970s, the primary focus of business continuity was on information technology (IT) and recovering computing systems, also disruptions caused by disasters such as fires, earthquakes and flooding. In the 1980s, business continuity still included IT but shifted to include other systems and facilities at both business and corporate unit levels. During the 1970s and 1980s, IT focus still played a huge part in business continuity and explains why a big fraction of existing literature on BCM relates to IT continuity (Elliott et al., 2010). However, business continuity was introduced as Business Continuity Management in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and became a process of corporate competitive advantage to contribute to the sustainability and development of diverse business areas (Gill, 2006). Figure 4: Typology of Continuity Approaches Source: Herbane et al., (2004) Figure 4 above shows that BCM is embedded within crisis management (Herbane et al., 2004). It also shows that disaster recovery planning and business continuity planning are two components of BCM; these two components are to assist an organization in effectively dealing with crises and disasters before, during and after they occur (Herbane et al., 2004). Herbane et al., (2004) also point out that BCM must influence the whole organization and so, in order to succeed, there is need for participation and cross-functional involvement from various departments in the organization. 3.4.1 Importance of Business Continuity Management As previously mentioned, the 21st century has witnessed dramatic transformations in the global business environment. Kubitscheck (2001), Dawes (2004) and Richardson (2009) note that as new risks have emerged, organizational risk theory have also advanced at the start of the new millennium, but these newly emerging risks surpass the pace at which solutions are being devised to counteract them (Kubitscheck, 2001). Therefore, with new terrorist attacks, hi-tech and changing weather patterns, and corporate financial scandals, organizations need a well-resourced, coherent response, integrated and predetermined, but also manageable and flexible (Herbane et al., 2004). Organizations are faced with difficulties in risky and uncertain times and this can only be excellently managed by preparation and proactive planning (Gage and Reinoso, 2002). An innovative approach is necessary to help organizations in mitigating or reducing the impacts of crises and disasters, by appropriately preparing for, responding to and recovering from unexpected events to ensure business continuity and also to manage security programs proactively (Hinde, 2002). The interest in BCM increased significantly in the early 2000s (Borodzicz, 2005; Smit, 2005) Wong (2009) argues that the growing interest is as a result of natural and man-made disasters such as the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US, which emphasized the importance of BCM in sustaining critical functions of businesses. BCM encompasses corrective and preventive systems to risk management through recovery planning and continuity, and through the constant testing, training, maintenance and updating of continuity plans. In a global business environment full of insecurities, the long-term survival of businesses very much depends on guaranteed continuity of business operations. BCM is significant to be able to achieve this (Morwood, 1998). Pitt (2010) also argues that when organizations have BCM, they are most likely to suffer less from the immediate impact of crises, and can pull through more quickly. According to Brazeau (2008), the BCM profile has noticeably increased in both private and public business organizations as a study conducted by FM Global showed that out of 600 financial executives, about 95% identified BCM to be of moderate to high priority in relation to other managerial functions within their organizations. BCM is gaining increasing acceptance amongst many businesses as organizations now understand BCMs present operational value and are beginning to focus more on its enterprise-wide advantage and strategic significance (Marsh, 2008). 3.4.2 Planning as an Effective BCM Process Since the start of research on strategic planning, there has been a general consensus that strategic planning is a process that decides when, how, who will plan and how results will be enforced (Gibb and Buchanan (2006). Elliott et al., (2010) however mentions that there is a disagreement between authors regarding the exact structure and components of the process. Figure 4: Structure and Process of Strategic Planning Source: Elliott et al., (2010) Elliott et al., (2010) structure and process of strategic planning (Figure 4) illustrates planning as a systematic process. Most significantly, it identifies the three main areas of the process: hypothesis, formulation of plans, implementation of plans, and evaluation. The structure of strategic planning introduces a conceptual model for small, medium and large organization for outstanding strategic planning. The authors state that the three major types of plans; short-range budgets, medium-range programmes and master strategies are all linked and so, organizations must know exactly what their strategic plan should entail (Elliott et al., (2010). Although planning is not an everyday phenomenon, it must be a continuous process and plans need to be amended and/or reviewed regularly so organizations can respond to changes in the environment (Elliott et al., (2010). The process of strategic planning should therefore start with establishing organizational objectives, mapping out strategie s for implementation and then refining the strategies with thorough action plans. 3.5 Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment In most of the early writings on the planning process, a common characteristic is the role the external environment plays on the organization. Economic forecasts were initially used for future planning but with fierce competition amongst firms, and the growing complexities of globalization, the role of the environment becomes an essential feature in strategic planning (Brews and Hunt, 1999). In 1988, Arie De Geus, head of Shell Oil Companys Strategic Planning Group published a study of the planning processes of Shell. At the time, Shell was known to be one of the most successful oil corporations (and arguably still is today). De Geus mention that the key to the corporations success was its ability to switch from a much slower pace in stagnant times, to a survival-mode in turbulent times. He concludes that planning simply means changing minds (De Gues, 1988). Grant (2003) point out that strategic planning in the oil sector is characterized by an unstable business environment. The authors study explores how and if strategic planning methods can be put to effective use in an uncertain environment. Grants analysis of six major oil companies (BP, Chevron, Exxon, Mobil, Shell and Texaco) affirms that over the last decade and a half, these major oil companies recognized key amendments in their strategic planning practices. (Grant, 2003: 502) asserts that while the basic framework (cycle and key phases) of strategic planning changed very little, planning roles, the content of strategic plans, and the process of strategic planning within the companies management systems changed significantly. In spite of little variations in interpretation, Grant (2003) note that similarities in each of the oil companies planning processes were sufficient to create a generic strategic planning cycle as seen in Figure 5. Figure 5: The Generic Planning Cycle among the Oil Majors Source: Grant (2003) Planning provides a mechanism for the formulation of decentralised strategy and has now become a process of planned emergence (Grant, 2003: 491). In recent years, the processes of strategic planning have become more informal and decentralised, while planning strategies have changed considerably in line with the fast changing environments organizations operate in. Todays business environment is becoming more volatile due to political instability, natural disasters and economic-slowdown and requires leaders and organizations to be more proactively prepared and resilient to face the unexpected (Grant, 2003). Ramirez et al., (2008) discuss that with the diversified nature of many big firms and the growing rate of environmental changes, predictability and stability can no longer guarantee the success of businesses, but the ability to implement decisions under uncertain circumstances and the flexibility of adjusting to varying competitive conditions becomes critical factors of success (p. 264). The authors propose that in a crisis turbulent environment, management executives can increase strategic and organizational capabilities by establishing strategic visions, creating strategic unity and successive adaptation, encouraging transformational leadership, modifying organizational practices, and increasing organizational capacity for change. 3.6 Chapter Summary Chapter 3 is a review of relevant literature to provide the reader with an overview of crisis management and business continuity management in organizations. In the literature, various approaches to organizational crisis management exist that have been discussed i.e. risk management, scenario planning, and business continuity management. The literature presents a background to the fundamentals of strategic planning and scenario futuring, and discusses business continuity, a management process that is becoming more and more recognized by many organizations, as a new approach to crisis management. Business continuity management provides corrective and preventive measures to organizations to improve their response and recovery capabilities against disasters and unexpected crises. Using existing literature and a number of empirical studies, the author provides evidence to support the discussion on BCM as an organizational strategy that challenges senior managers and top level management to foster the art of strategic planning, in anticipation of some of the unexpected eventualities of an increasingly chaotic and turbulent business environment.

Example of Related Literature and Studies

The previous chapter is all about the framework of the study. How the study was made possible and up to where the study bounds to are the points of the first chapter. This chapter presents survey of related literature and writing of recognized experts both of which have significant bearing or relation to the problem under investigation. The review focuses on the different materials that are needed on the solution of the study, what are the following points why these materials are necessary for the study.The chapter begins with the introduction of the different materials primarily needed to make the study successful, followed by the history or methodology used by people from ages in making facial masks, and ended by different studies related or to be referred at by the researcher. Materials for the Research The main material of the study is Banana (Musa acuminata). It is an edible fruit produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plant in the genus Musa.The fruit is variab le in size, colour, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft fleshy rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red, purple or brown when ripe. Banana is one of the most popular fruit eaten by the whole world. Not because of its cost and agricultural plantation but because of its benefits. Vitamin A present in banana is the component of it that acts as a natural moisturizer. According to an article â€Å"19 Amazing Benefits and Uses of Banana for Skin and Hair† (Aparajita, Stylecraze. com, 2010), Banana fruit has nutrients that are essential for the skin.They contain significant amounts of vitamin C and B6 which plays vital role in maintaining the integrity and elasticity of the skin. In addition, the large amount of antioxidants and manganese present in banana protect the body from damage caused by oxygen free radicals which lead to premature aging of the skin. So a major benefit from banana is younger looking skin. Banana has about 75 per cent water by weight in it. Thus banana helps hydrate your skin and prevents it from drying and peeling. Aparajita’s article also discusses about the anti-aging power of banana’s moisture.â€Å"Nutrients in banana help in fighting wrinkles and keep the skin youthful. For an anti-aging facial mask loaded with vitamins A and E, mash together an avocado and a banana. Leave on skin for 25 minutes and rinse. Skin will be soft and youthful. The vitamins E in avocados combined with the nutrients in bananas fight free radicals and repair damage. † However, banana’s moisturizing effect is not enough for the study to last and be more effective. Acne is the problem of the study, a natural cure is needed. Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers.The variety produced by honey bees is the most commonly referred to as it is the type of honey collected by most beekeepers and consumed by humans. (Wikipedia. com) â€Å"Honey can do wonders for your skin, no wonder you will find so many skin-care products in the market containing honey. Honey acts as an anti-aging agent, and moisturizer. Additionally, it contains anti-microbial properties and natural antioxidants which help to protect the skin from sun rays and facilitates the skin’s ability to rejuvenate and refresh exhausted looking skin, thus leaving it soft and silky.Honey also has the ability to absorb and retain moisture and this helps in keeping the skin well hydrated, fresh and supple. It is known that ancient women used honey and milk to keep the skin youthful, radiant, and smooth. †(stylecraze. com, 2011) Honey is a natural exfoliator that can clear blackheads with regular use. Acne can be also treated by honey with minimal and diluted solution. â€Å"Acne is a very embarrassing. Those who are bestowed with breakout of acne will definitely concur with me. Well there is hope, as honey can come to your rescue in curbing this problem.Honey plays an imperat ive role in treatment of acne. Acne is caused by the build up of oil and dirt and since honey absorbs impurities from the pores on the skin, it is an ideal cleansing agent. Honey also is a natural antiseptic and soothes and heals your skin. Many women use honey to treat pimples. † (stylecraze. com, 2011) Most of facial masks need milk or cream for emulsifying. But milk does not only act as emulsifier, milk has nutrients that contribute to youthful skin and moisturized face. Milk’s thickness and viscosity is not enough to make a viscous fluid or mask, instead we should make use of cream.Cream is a dairy product that is produced of the high-butterfat layer skimmed from top of milk before homogenization. Double cream is the choice, which contains 48% of minimum milk fat that whips easily and thickest for pudding and desserts. (Wikipedia. com, 2008) According to the National Dairy Council (as of 2010), milk is filled with nine essential nutrients that benefit our health:Cal cium: Builds healthy bones and teeth; maintains bone mass.Protein: Serves as a source of energy; builds/repairs muscle tissue.Potassium: Helps maintain a healthy blood pressure.Phosphorus: Helps strengthen bones and generate energy.Vitamin D: Helps maintain bones.Vitamin B12: Maintains healthy red blood cells and nerve tissue.Vitamin A: Maintains the immune system; helps maintain normal vision and skin.Riboflavin (B2): Converts food into energy.Niacin: Metabolizes sugars and fatty acids According to Dr. Brian Roy, milk does not only help in fitness and bone maintenance, but also in skin health and anti-aging agent.Facial mask There are different kinds of masks (e.  g. cactus, cucumber, etc.) for different purposes: deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores; healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation; brightening, for a gradual illumination of the skin tone. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster; others just remain wet. The perceived effects of a facial mask treatment include revitalizing, healing, or refreshing; and, may yield temporary or long-term benefits (depending on environmental, dietary, and other skincare factors).Masks are removed by either rinsing the face with water, wiping off with a damp cloth, or peeling off of the face by hand. Duration for wearing a mask varies with the type of mask, and manufacturer's usage instructions. The time can range from a few minutes to overnight. Those with sensitive skin are advised to first test out the mask on a small portion of the skin, in order to check for any irritations. Some facial masks are not suited to frequent use. A glycolic mask can only be used once a month without the risk of burning the skin.Masks can be found anywhere from drugstores to department stores, and can vary in consistency and form. Setting masks include: clay, which is a thicker consistency, and will draw out impurities (and sometimes, natural oils, too) from the pores; a cream, which stays damp to h ydrate the skin; sheet-style, in which a paper mask is dampened with liquid to tone and moisturize the skin; and lastly, a hybrid/clay and cream form that includes small beads for removing dead surface skin cells. Non-setting facial masks include warm oil and paraffin wax masks.These different forms are made to suit different skin types (e. g. , oily or dry), and different skincare goals or needs (e. g. , moisturizing, cleansing, exfoliating). Clay and mud masks suit oily and some â€Å"combination† skin types, while cream-based masks tend to suit dry and sensitive skin types. Homemade skin treatments aren't a new idea. Thousands of years before commercial products were available, ancient Egyptians made powders, ointments and lotions by combining plant extracts with natural oils (Slapak, 2004).In China, a combination of ground orange seeds and honey was used to help keep skin clear (National Honey Board). And in the 2nd century, ancient Romans combined animal fats with starch es to make facial creams (Fountain). Egyptians used cosmetics regardless of sex and social status for both aesthetic and therapeutic reasons. Oils and unguents were rubbed into the skin to protect it from the hot air. Most frequently used were white make-up, black make-up made with carbon, lead sulphide (galena) or manganese oxide (pyrolusite) and green make-up from malachite and other copper based minerals.Red ochre was ground and mixed with water, and applied to the lips and cheeks, painted on with a brush. Henna was used to dye the fingernails yellow and orange. Kohl was applied to the eyes with a small stick. Both upper and lower eyelids were painted and a line was added extending from the corner of the eye to the sides of the face, the eye brows were painted black. It was believed that the makeup had magical and even healing powers. Most people will have applied the make-up themselves, but for those who could afford it, there was the professional cosmetician, the zXA.yt, the â €˜face painter' so to speak.Even after death one had to take care of one's looks. When presenting oneself before the gods during the Judgment of the Dead one had best observe certain rules of dress and make-up in order to make the right impression: â€Å"A man says this speech when he is pure, clean, dressed in fresh clothes, shod in white sandals, painted with eye-paint, anointed with the finest oil of myrrh. † (Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead) Oil is the primary ingredient of every Egyptian cosmetic product.Every King in the Dynasty of Egypt orders the finest oil from their capitol and from their workers. The King's order addressed to the High Priest of Amen, king of gods, Ramses-nakht. The following: This royal order was brought to you with the words that I have sent (it) to you by the supervisor of the treasury of Pharaoh, l. p. h. , and the King's butler Amenhotep, reading: Have excellent galena for the make-up of the Pharaoh, l. p. h. , taken where one (i. e. he) is, and you sent 15 deben of galena through him.When it had been handed to the physicians in the place of physicians of Pharaoh in the residence in order to prepare it, it was found to be very bad galena and no make-up usable for Pharaoh, l. p. h. , was among it. Only a single deben of galena was found among it†¦. (Cairo ESP, Letter, New Kingdom) Now, modern cosmetic and facial care products are artificially prepared or made from factories. But every product may irritate your face so naturally prepared cosmetic care products are more needed and more demanding. Related StudiesAccording to a study of an unknown researcher from India, banana juice is nutritious but not necessary on facial treatment because it needs fermentation. Anonymous wrote: Banana is a tropical fruit, which is grown abundantly in India. It is mainly composed of soluble sugars, starch and other polysaccharides. The juice was extracted from the normal ripe fruits with the help of pectinase enzyme. Optimization of pectinase treatment was done by RSM method. Wine was prepared by using two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3283 & NCIM 3046.The size of inoculum, effective pH, temperature, level of SO2 , level of DAP for both strains was optimized. It was found that NCIM 3046 gave better results compared to the other strain. Soluble solids (SS), pH and specific gravity decreased while titratable acidity (TA) increased with increasing length of fermentation of the juice. Sensory evaluation results showed that banana wine was acceptable in terms of flavor, taste, clarity and overall characteristics. The banana wine was generally accepted & could be popularized.

Gun Ownership Essay

KENNESAW, Ga – Several Kennesaw officials attribute a drop in crime in the city over the past two decades to a law that requires residents to have a gun in the house. In 1982, the Kennesaw City Council unanimously passed a law requiring heads of households to own at least one firearm with ammunition. The ordinance states the gun law is needed to â€Å"protect the safety, security and general welfare of the city and its inhabitants.† Then-councilman J.O. Stephenson said after the ordinance was passed, everyone â€Å"went crazy.† â€Å"People all over the country said there would be shootings in the street and violence in homes,† he said. â€Å"Of course, that wasn’t the case.† In fact, according to Stephenson, it caused the crime rate in the city to plunge. Kennesaw Historical Society president Robert Jones said following the law’s passage, the crime rate dropped 89 percent in the city, compared to the modest 10 percent drop statewide. â€Å"It did drop after it was passed,† he said. â€Å"After it initially dropped, it has stayed at the same low level for the past 16 years.† Mayor Leonard Church was not in office when the law was passed, but he said he is a staunch supporter of it. â€Å"You can’t argue with the fact that Kennesaw has the lowest crime rate of any city our size in the country,† said Church, who owns a denture-making company in Kennesaw. The author of the ordinance, local attorney Fred Bentley Sr., attributes at least some of the decrease in crime to the bill. â€Å"I am definitely in favor of what we did,† he said. â€Å"It may not be totally responsible for the decrease, [but] it is a part.† Although he is pleased with the outcome, Bentley said he was originally opposed to drafting the law. â€Å"I didn’t think it could be written in a constitutional fashion,† he said. â€Å"Obviously, it was constitutional, because the American Civil Liberties Union challenged it in court and we won.† Jones said the ACLU challenged the law in a federal court just after it was passed. In response, the city added a clause adding conscientious objectors to the list of those exempt. Although the law is now being credited with a drop in crime, Jones said that was not the law’s original purpose. He also pointed out that Kennesaw did not have a big problem with crime before. â€Å"The crime rate wasn’t that high to start with. It was 11 burglaries per 1,000 residents in  1981,† he said. According to the Kennesaw Police Department, the city’s most recent crime statistics show 243 property crimes per 100,000 residents in 1998, or .243 per 1,000. The city’s crime rate continues to be far below other metro Atlanta city’s with similar populations, like Decatur. In 1998, Decatur recorded 4,049 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Jones said one motivation for the council passing the ordinance had to do with publicity. â€Å"It was done in response to a law passed by Morton Grove, Ill., outlawing gun ownership within the city limits,† he said. â€Å"Several council members were upset Morton Grove had gotten a lot of attention with their ordinance so they decided to top them. â€Å"They figured the gun ownership ordinance would knock that city right off the front pages. They were right.† Jones said the ensuing publicity surrounding the law has given Kennesaw worldwide name recognition. â€Å"I have been to Australia and Europe and when I tell people I am from Kennesaw they recognize the name as the place that requires everyone to own a gun,† he said. But Stephenson said the issue was not pub licity-driven but issue-driven. â€Å"We believed in the right of people to own guns,† he said. Jones said he has sold 550 copies of a 1994 book about the first-of-its-kind law, â€Å"The Law Heard ‘Round the World.† He said the law in its final form has many loopholes, so not everyone is required to own a gun. â€Å"There are many outs,† he said. â€Å"When you look at it, almost anyone could fit into one of the exempted groups.† Kennesaw Police Chief Dwaine Wilson said no one has ever been prosecuted under the ordinance. Among those exempt are residents â€Å"who conscientiously oppose maintaining firearms as a result of beliefs or religious doctrine.† Others exempt include the physically and mentally disabled, paupers and those convicted of a felony. The law contains no clause addressing punishment for violating the law. If convicted, City Clerk Diane Coker said punishment would be determined by the general penalty clause of the Kennesaw Code Ordinance – probably a fine of about $100. Jones said the unusual law has not deterred anyone from moving to Kennesaw. â€Å"Our population has increased just like everyone’s in Georgia in the past 20 years,† he said. â€Å"The law really hasn’t done any harm to the city’s growth.† The city’s population in 1998 was recorded at 14,493 – a sharp increase over the 8,936 residents recorded in the 1990 census. C obb Chamber of Commerce president Bill Cooper said odd laws are typically not counted as strike against a city when a business is looking to relocate.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"These laws don’t have laws don’t have an impact on a company’s decision to move to Cobb County,† Cooper said. â€Å"Many communities have strange laws that are out of date. Businesses look at many factors when relocating, such as quality of life, education, infrastructure and available workforce.† Bentley said the law actually may have helped business development. â€Å"Kennesaw is home to more manufacturing businesses than any other Cobb city,† he said. â€Å"Companies have said they want to be located in conservative areas.† And Kennesaw isn’t the only city in Cobb with an unusual law on the books. According to Jeff Koon, who runs a Web site specializing in funny laws, Dumblaws.com, Acworth has an ordinance requiring residents to own a rake. In Marietta, it is illegal to spit from a car or a bus, but perfectly legal to spit from a truck.

Structural, Conflict, And Interactionists Perspectives Essay

A. Three of the most widely used theoretical approaches used by sociologists are the functionalist, conflict, and interactionists perspectives. Functionalists highlight the contributions made by society that lead to social stability. Talcott Parsons, a key figure in the development of functionalist theory, viewed society as of a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole (Schaefer 2015). Conflict theorists take the approach that social behavior is understood in terms of tension between competing groups over power or the allocation of resources. Interactionist explain society by generalizing about the everyday forms of social interaction in places such as work, parks, or in public places. Functionalist and conflict approaches to the study of society focus on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations, or macrosociology, while the interactionist approach focuses on microsociology which stresses the study of small groups (Schaefer 2015). Fu nctionalists reason that individuals are socialized to perform certain societal functions. However, conflict theorists consider that individuals are socialized by power of authoritative groups. In the interactionist view, individuals are shaped by their everyday interaction within small groups. Social order is maintained through cooperation and overall consensus in the functionalist’s perspective; laws are created to reinforce social order. Similarly, interactionists believe social order isShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspectives On Social Networking Sites916 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Perspectives Social networking sites - such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and, Pinterest, just to name a few - provide individuals with an online web of global networking that allows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, How do these social websites impact society? 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